Asia Pac ific Me r c ur y Monitor ing Ne twor k (APMMN) Wor kshop 22 – 23 June 2015 Minamata, Japan HE AVY ME T AL DE POSIT ION MONIT ORING ACT IVIT IE S IN MAL AYSIAN ME T E OROL OGICAL DE PART ME NT (ME T MAL AYSIA) Maznor izan Mohamad Dire c to r Atmo sphe ric Sc ie nc e Divisio n Ma la ysia n Me te o ro lo g ic a l De pa rtme nt
• Intr oduc tion to Atmosphe r ic Sc ie nc e Division of Me tMalaysia • Air Quality Monitor ing Ac tivitie s • Malaysia as WMO GAW/ E ANE T Me mbe r Countr y • Instr ume ntation and Par ame te r monitor e d • Re sults and Analysis • Me tMalaysia joining APMMN • Collabor ation with L oc al & Inte r national Sc ie ntific Community.
KOTA KINABALU LABUAN GAW LEMBAH DANUM TAWAU CHUPING BINTULU KOTA BHARU ALOR SETAR KUALA TERENGGANU PERAI BAYAN LEPAS KUCHING BUKIT KLEDANG GAW CAMERON HIGHLANDS SITIAWAN BATU EMBUN KUANTAN GAW PETALING JAYA MUADZAM SHAH MELAKA MERSING KLUANG Air Quality Monitoring Station SENAI Global Atmosphere Watch Station MAP NOT TO SCALE
Me tMalaysia has par tic ipate d in the wor ld wide ne twor k of GAW pr ogr am sinc e 1989 and will c ontinue to play an ac tive r ole in this inte r national ne twor k for many mor e ye ar s. Me tMalaysia has e stablishe d a GAW Global Station in Sabah sinc e Nove mbe r 2003, to fulfil as a national, as we ll as inte r national obligation in addr e ssing the e nvir onme ntal issue s suc h as trans- boundar y haze , ac id de position, c limate var iability, c limate c hange and str atosphe r ic O 3 de ple tion. At the same time , Me tMalaysia is also ope r ating two othe r GAW r e gional stations, one in Came r on Highlands and the othe r in Pe taling Jaya. T he ne w r e gional station is pr oje c te d to be e stablishe d in the nor th e ast c oast of Pe ninsula this ye ar . Malaysia late r
Danum Valley Global GAW Station Cameron Highlands Regional GAW Station Petaling Jaya Regional GAW Station GAW Measurement Network
Came r on Highlands Danum Valle y GAW GAW Re gional Station Global Station Pe ta ling Ja ya G A W Re g io na l Sta tio n 8
East Asia Acid Deposition Monitoring Network (EANET) Monitoring Sites Participating Countries • Cambodia • China • Indonesia • Japan • Lao P.D.R. • Malaysia • Mongolia • Myanmar • Philippines • Republic of Korea • Russia • Thailand • Viet Nam Malaysia has participated in EANET activities since January 2001.
T he Monitoring Ac tivitie s a t Atmosphe ric Monitoring Sta tions Ne twork in Ma la ysia INST R UME NT AT ION PAR AME T E R DAT A T YPE We e kly C,Cl - ,NO 3 - ,SO 4 2- ,Na + ,K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ,NH + , We t-Only Sa mple r/ APS We t fa llo ut: pH,E 4 o xa la te , a c e ta te , fo rma te , me rc ury, c o ppe r, iro n, ma ng a ne se , nic ke l, le a d, zinc , c a dmium Mo nthly Dry fa llo ut: Dust, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , me rc ury, c o ppe r, iro n, Ande rso n Pre c ipita tio n Sa mple r (APS) ma ng a ne se , nic ke l, le a d, zinc Minute s Hig h Vo lume Sa mple r (T SP&PM10)/ T o ta l suspe nde d pa rtic ula te (T SP) c o nc e ntra tio n / Pa rtic ula te Ho urly T a pe re d E le me nt Osc illa ting Ma tte r (PM-10) c o nc e ntra tio n Da ily Mic ro b a la nc e (T E OM) Da ily Bre we r Ozo ne Spe c tro pho to me te r T o ta l Co lumn Ozo ne & SO2, DUV, UV-B, AOD We e kly Pa ssive Sa mple r SO 2 ,NH 3 ,NO 2 , HNO 3 , Oxa lic a c id Mo nthly We e kly 3 ,HNO 3 ,HCl, Cl - ,NO 3 - ,SO 4 2- ,Na + ,K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ,NH + F ilte r Pa c k SO 2 ,NH 4 Ho urly Multig a s Ana lyze r NO,NO 2 ,NOx,SO 2 ,CO,O 3 Minute s L o F lo Ma rk2 CO 2 Ana lyze r CO 2 Minute s Ne phe lo me te r Ae ro so l sc a tte ring c o e ffic ie nt Minute s Multi Ang le Ab so rptio n Pho to me te r Bla c k c a rb o n c o nc e ntra tio n, Ae ro so l a b so rptio n c o e ffic ie nt (MAAP) Minute s Pre c isio n F ilte r Ra dio me te r (PF R) Ae ro so l o ptic a l de pth (AOD) Minute s Ozo ne so nde (twic e a mo nth) Ve rtic a l o zo ne pro file Mo nthly Pe rsiste nt Org a nic Po lluta nts (POPs) PUF Pe rsiste nt o rg a nic po lluta nts (POPs) disk sa mple r We e kly F la sk sa mpling CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, H 2 , N 2 O, SF 6 , De lta 13C, De lta 18O
SOURCE OF HE AVY ME T AL Par tic ulate matte r or iginate d fr om natur al and anthr opog e nic sour c e s. T his pollutants c an be tr anspor te d fr om tr ansboundar y or loc al sour c e s. He avy me tal ar e e mitte d into the a tmosphe r e by the industr ie s, powe r plants, quar r y, tr anspor tation, volc anic ac tivitie s, soil e r osion, for e st fir e s e tc , We t and dr y de position is the main me c hanism for the r e moval of the par tic ulate ma tte r inc luding he avy me tal fr om the atmosphe r e .
We t De position & Dry De position Sa mple r Ac id Pr e c ipitation Sample r (APS) E c ote c h We t Only Sample r
URBAN & INDUSTRIAL SITES
Rural Site Background Site
T he se le c te d e le me nt (me r c ur y, c oppe r , le ad and c admium) e c olle c te d and analyze d in 3 urban/industrial sites we r (Petaling Jaya, Perai and Kuching) and 2 remote sites ( Cameron Highlands and Danum Valley) from 2003-2014 and can be concluded as follows:- The Detection Limit for Copper is 0.02 µmol/L; Lead 0.005 µmol/L , Cadmium 0.009 µmol/L and Mercury 0.005 µmol/L The element of Mercury is non-detectable (Detection Limit <0.005 µmol/L) throughout the years (2003-2014) for all stations. Cadmium can be detected in GAW Danum Valley Site and the value ranged from 0 – 0.1 µmol/L. Coppe r is the main he avy me tal e le me nt found in r ainwate r om 0 - 0.60 µmol/L . sample s and the value r ange d fr Lead was found only in urban /Industrial sites such as Petaling Jaya and Perai stations and it ranged from 0 - 0.38 µmol/L .
ION IN APMMN ? MAL AYSIA PART ICIPAT F or many ye ar s Me tMalaysia has par tic ipate d in se ve r al inte r national ne twor k whic h ar e impor tant to Malaysia and will c ontinue to play an ac tive r ole in suppor ting the me te or ologic al e nvir onme ntal pr ogr amme in the r e gion. He avy me tal suc h as c oppe r , ar se nic , le ad, me r c ur y, c admium e tc . ar e among the impor tant he avy me tals whic h ar e monitor e d c ontinuously thr ough we t / dr y de position in 23 air quality/ GAW stations sinc e 1990s. Me tMalaysia and othe r r e le vant age nc ie s would like to par tic ipate in this ne twor k, subje c t to an approval. It’s no doubt that by joining this ne twor k Malaysia e spe c ially Me tMalaysia and DOE will be ne fit gr e atly in te r ms of data shar ing, e xc hange of infor mation, r e se ar c h, human c apital de ve lopme nt and te c hnic al knowle dge .
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