Harley-Davidson Museum Milwaukee, WI. Jonathan Rumbaugh, BAE/MAE Mechanical Option Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
P ROJECT S PONSORS
P RESENTATION O UTLINE P ROJECT S PONSORS • Project Background • Existing Conditions • Thesis Goals • Structural Breadth: • Thermal Bridging • Mechanical Depth: • Air vs. Water • Electrical Breadth • CHP Feasibility • Conclusion Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
P ROJECT B ACKGROUND B UILDING S TATISTICS Guggenheim by Frank Gehry 257,000 square feet $100 million • Size (Total Square Feet): 130,000 • Project Background • Building Statistics • Number Stories Above grade: 3 • Location & Layout • Existing Conditions • Construction timeline : April 2005 – May 2008 • Thesis Goals • Structural Breadth • Overall Project Cost: $75 million • Mechanical Depth • Electrical Breadth • Conclusion Wordpress.com Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
P ROJECT B ACKGROUND • Project Background • Building Statistics • Location & Layout • Existing Conditions • Thesis Goals • Structural Breadth • Mechanical Depth • Electrical Breadth • Conclusion Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
E XISTING C ONDITIONS M ECHANICAL D ESIGN • Project Background • Two Roof Mounted 300 Ton Air-cooled Rotary Screw Chillers • Existing Conditions • Four 2000 MBH Sealed Combustion Condensing Boilers • Mechanical Design • Energy Model • Variable Primary Flow • Emissions • Comparison • 11 Air Handling Units • Thesis Goals • Structural Breadth • Mechanical Depth • Electrical Breadth • Conclusion Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
E NERGY M ODEL E XISTING C ONDITIONS • Project Background Peak Cooling Plant Loads Peak Heating Plant Loads $0.10 / kWh Electricity • Existing Conditions Desgin TRACE MODEL Design to Model Desgin TRACE MODEL Design to Model $0.80 / Therm Natural Gas ton ton %Δ MBh MBh %Δ • Mechanical Design 600 585.3 -2% 8000 9073 13% • Energy Model • Emissions • Comparison Total Building Energy [kBtu/yr] Total Source Energy [kBtu/yr] Annual Cost Breakdown • Thesis Goals Primary Heating 10% • Structural Breadth 6% 18% Cost Breakdown Receptacle Primary Receptacle Primary Heating 17% Cost 15% Heating • Mechanical Depth 17% Primary Primary Heating $ 20,252.00 24% Primary Cooling Cooling Primary Cooling $ 62,223.50 16% • Electrical Breadth Auxiliary Auxiliary $ 64,463.40 Primary Lighting Lighting Lighting $ 150,907.60 Cooling 18% Auxiliary • Conclusion 33% Lighting Receptacle $ 65,906.60 14% 17% Receptacle 40% 41% Total $ 363,753.10 Auxiliary 14% Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
E MISSIONS E XISTING C ONDITIONS Emissions 1.00E+07 9.00E+06 Mass of Pollutant (lb) 8.00E+06 7.00E+06 • Project Background 6.00E+06 5.00E+06 • Existing Conditions 4.00E+06 Precombustion 3.00E+06 Natural Gas • Mechanical Design 2.00E+06 Electic 1.00E+06 0.00E+00 • Energy Model CO2e CO2 CH4 N2O NOx SOx CO TNMOC Lead Mercury PM10 Solid Waste VOC • Emissions • Comparison Emissions : No CO 2 Pollutant • Thesis Goals 4.50E+04 4.00E+04 • Structural Breadth Mass of Pollutant (lb) 3.50E+04 • Mechanical Depth 3.00E+04 Calculations use factors from the 2.50E+04 • Electrical Breadth Regional Grid emissions Factors Precombustion 2.00E+04 2007. table B-10 Natural Gas 1.50E+04 • Conclusion 1.00E+04 Electic 5.00E+03 0.00E+00 Pollutant Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
E MISSIONS E XISTING C ONDITIONS Emissions 1.00E+07 9.00E+06 Mass of Pollutant (lb) 8.00E+06 7.00E+06 • Project Background 6.00E+06 5.00E+06 • Existing Conditions 4.00E+06 Precombustion 3.00E+06 Natural Gas • Mechanical Design 2.00E+06 Electic 1.00E+06 9 Million lbs. of C0 2e / year 0.00E+00 • Energy Model CO2e CO2 CH4 N2O NOx SOx CO TNMOC Lead Mercury PM10 Solid Waste VOC 867 acres • Emissions • Comparison Emissions : No CO 2 Pollutant • Thesis Goals 4.50E+04 4.00E+04 • Structural Breadth Mass of Pollutant (lb) 3.50E+04 • Mechanical Depth 3.00E+04 Calculations use factors from the 2.50E+04 • Electrical Breadth Regional Grid emissions Factors Precombustion 2.00E+04 2007. table B-10 Natural Gas 1.50E+04 • Conclusion 1.00E+04 Electic 5.00E+03 0.00E+00 Pollutant Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
C OMPARISON C ONCLUSION E XISTING C ONDITIONS Museum Campus Electricity Use Museum Campus Electricity Use • Project Background 500,000 120 500,000 120 • Existing Conditions Energy Model is an accurate representation of the 450,000 110 450,000 110 • Mechanical Design energy consumption of the facility 400,000 100 400,000 100 • Energy Model Kilowatt Hours (kWh) Kilowatt Hours (kWh) 350,000 350,000 90 90 • Emissions 300,000 300,000 80 80 Temp Temp • Comparison 250,000 70 250,000 70 • Thesis Goals 200,000 60 200,000 60 2010 kWh • Structural Breadth 150,000 50 150,000 50 2010 kWh TRACE KWH 100,000 40 100,000 40 • Mechanical Depth 2010 Temp 50,000 30 50,000 2010 Temp 30 • Electrical Breadth TRACE temp 0 20 0 20 • Conclusion Date Date Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
T HESIS G OALS G OALS P ROPOSAL • Reduce Emissions • Project Background • Decrease Thermal Loads Through • Reduce Energy Consumption • Existing Conditions Envelope • Reduce Operating cost • Thesis Goals • Structural Breadth • Mechanical Depth Energy • Electrical Breadth • Increase Efficiency of Chilled Water Consumption • Conclusion Production Operating Cost • Become Energy Independent From Grid Emissions Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
S TRUCTURAL B READTH T HERMAL B RIDGING • Project Background • Thesis Goals • Existing Conditions • Structural Breadth • Thermal Analysis • Structural Analysis • Mechanical Depth • Electrical Breadth • Conclusion Location of thermal break N Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
S TRUCTURAL B READTH T HERMAL A NALYSIS 𝑒 2 𝑈 𝑒𝑦 2 − ℎ𝑄 𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ = 0 𝑙𝐵 𝑑 • Project Background Starting with the conservation of energy equation 𝑒 2 𝜄 • Thesis Goals 𝑒𝑦 2 − 𝑛 2 𝜄 = 0 (Homogeneous Second Order ODE) 𝑟 2 = 𝑟 1 + 𝑒𝑟 (From Conservation of Energy) • Existing Conditions • Structural Breadth 𝑛 2 ≡ 𝑒𝑈 ℎ𝑄 𝑟 𝑦 = −𝑙𝐵 𝑑 𝑙𝐵 𝑑 , 𝜄 = 𝑈 − 𝑈 𝑒𝑦 (From Fourier’s Law) ∞ • Thermal Analysis 𝐵 𝑑 = 𝐷𝑠𝑝𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑓𝑑𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑏𝑠𝑓𝑏 , 𝑙 = 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑣𝑑𝑢𝑗𝑤𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑝𝑔 𝑢ℎ𝑓 𝑛𝑏𝑢𝑓𝑠𝑗𝑏𝑚 • Structural Analysis 𝑒 2 𝜄 𝑒𝑦 2 − 𝑛 2 𝜄 = 0 → 𝜄 𝑦 = 𝐷 1 𝑓 𝑛𝑦 + 𝐷 2 𝑓 −𝑛𝑦 (General Solution) • Mechanical Depth 𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑤 = ℎ 𝑒𝐵 𝑡 (𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ ) • Electrical Breadth • Conclusion Boundary Conditions: 𝑒 𝑒𝑈 𝑒𝑦 −𝑙𝐵 𝑑 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦 = ℎ𝐵 𝑡 (𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ ) Adiabatic Tip: 𝑒𝑈 𝑒𝑦 𝑦=𝑀 = 0 1. One Direction Heat Transfer: ∆ T(base) = 𝑈(𝑐𝑏𝑡𝑓) − 𝑈 2. ∞ Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
𝑟 2 = 𝑟 1 + 𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑈 𝑟 𝑦 = −𝑙𝐵 𝑑 (From Fourier’s Law) 𝑒𝑦 𝐵 𝑑 = 𝐷𝑠𝑝𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑓𝑑𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑏𝑠𝑓𝑏 , 𝑙 = 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑣𝑑𝑢𝑗𝑤𝑗𝑢𝑧 𝑝𝑔 𝑢ℎ𝑓 𝑛𝑏𝑢𝑓𝑠𝑗𝑏𝑚 𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑤 = ℎ 𝑒𝐵 𝑡 (𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ ) 𝑒 𝑒𝑈 𝑒𝑦 −𝑙𝐵 𝑑 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦 = ℎ𝐵 𝑡 (𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ ) S TRUCTURAL B READTH T HERMAL A NALYSIS 𝑒 2 𝑈 𝑒𝑦 2 − ℎ𝑄 𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ = 0 𝑙𝐵 𝑑 𝜄 𝑐 𝑓 −𝑛𝑀 • Project Background 𝐷 1 = 𝑓 𝑛𝑀 +𝑓 −𝑛𝑀 𝐷 2 = 𝜄 𝑐 − 𝐷 1 𝑒 2 𝜄 • Thesis Goals 𝑒𝑦 2 − 𝑛 2 𝜄 = 0 (Homogeneous Second Order ODE) • Existing Conditions • Conduction at the base is equal to the total convective heat • Structural Breadth 𝑛 2 ≡ ℎ𝑄 transfer 𝑙𝐵 𝑑 , 𝜄 = 𝑈 − 𝑈 ∞ • Thermal Analysis 𝑒𝜄 𝑟 𝑔 = −𝑙𝐵 𝑑 𝑒𝑦 𝑦=0 = ℎ𝜄 𝑦 𝑒𝐵 𝑡 𝑟 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑒 𝑏 t base of fin • Structural Analysis 𝐵 𝐺 𝑒 2 𝜄 𝑒𝑦 2 − 𝑛 2 𝜄 = 0 → 𝜄 𝑦 = 𝐷 1 𝑓 𝑛𝑦 + 𝐷 2 𝑓 −𝑛𝑦 (General Solution) • Mechanical Depth • Electrical Breadth 𝒆𝑼 𝒓 𝒈 = − 𝒍𝑩 𝒅 𝒆𝒚 = 𝑵𝒖𝒃𝒐𝒊 𝒏𝑴 • Conclusion Boundary Conditions: 𝒚=𝟏 Adiabatic Tip: 𝑒𝑈 𝑒𝑦 𝑦=𝑀 = 0 ℎ𝑄 1. 𝑛 = 𝑁 = ℎ𝑄𝑙𝐵 𝑑 𝑈 𝑐 − 𝑈 𝑙𝐵 𝑑 , ∞ , L = length of fin ∆T(base ) = 𝑈(𝑐𝑏𝑡𝑓) − 𝑈 2. ∞ Jonathan Rumbaugh Harley-Davidson Museum Mechanical Option
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