Handling Built- -Up Litter Up Litter Handling Built Between - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Handling Built- -Up Litter Up Litter Handling Built Between Flocks Between Flocks R. Michael Hulet R. Michael Hulet Penn State University Penn State University

Controlling Ammonia Controlling Ammonia � Combination of manure, moisture, heat Combination of manure, moisture, heat � and bacteria and bacteria � Cause blindness in young birds over 90 � Cause blindness in young birds over 90 ppm ppm � Cause decreases in feed efficiency, growth � Cause decreases in feed efficiency, growth over 50 ppm over 50 ppm � Creates susceptibility to respiratory illness � Creates susceptibility to respiratory illness

Objective Objective � Treat Litter between flocks to reduce Treat Litter between flocks to reduce � pathogen level ammonia production, and pathogen level ammonia production, and caked litter caked litter � Economize litter and ventilation expenses � Economize litter and ventilation expenses � Prepare house for next flock � Prepare house for next flock

Methods Methods � In In- -House Sterilization of litter House Sterilization of litter � � Mechanical Treatment of litter Mechanical Treatment of litter � � Flame Sterilization of litter Flame Sterilization of litter �

In- -House Pasteurization House Pasteurization In of Broiler Litter of Broiler Litter Water Quality Issues in Poultry Production and Processing Theresia K. Lavergne, Ph.D., P.A.S. Poultry Specialist Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service

Objectives Our main objectives are to reduce pathogen content in broiler litter and to reduce ammonia levels in poultry houses * Determine the optimum moisture content (of broiler litter) necessary for maximum pathogen reduction * Determine the effect of pasteurization on pathogen content in broiler litter * Determine the nutrient content of recycled broiler litter

Temperature and Time for Temperature and Time for Pathogen Destruction Pathogen Destruction Microbe Temp(F) Time (Minutes) Salmonella typhosa 131 30 Salmonella sp. 131 60 Shigella sp. 131 60 Entamoeba histolytica cysts 113 2-3 Tanea 131 2-3 Trichinella spiralis larvae 131 2-3 Brucella abortis 145 3 Micrococcus pyogenes 122 10 Streptococcus pyogenes 131 10 Corynebacterium diptheria 131 45 Necator americanus 113 50 Escherichia coli 131 60

Procedures Poultry litter is arranged into two windrows running lengthwise of the house

Joe Hess, Auburn University

Joe Hess, Auburn University

Procedures If needed, water is added to the litter to obtain the desired moisture content

Procedures Windrows are monitored for 7 to 10 days Thermometer stations record temperatures at 6” and 12” depths

Temperature Monitoring Station Temperature Monitoring Station

Temperature Moisture and

Maximum Temperature vs. Moisture in Dewar Flasks 160 2 = 0.975 R T e m p e ra t u re O b s e rv e d ( F ) M a x im u m 130 100 70 28 31 34 38 Moisture (% x 100)

Maximum average temperatures at 1 ft. and 6 inch depths at various moisture contents 160 T e m p e ra tu re (F ) 150 1 ft. 140 6 inch 130 Poly. (1 ft.) 120 Poly. (6 inch) 110 100 20% 25% 30% 35% Moisture

Average windrow and house temperatures during 10 days of in-house pasteurization of poultry litter at 28% moisture. Te mp e ra tu re (F) 145 130 115 Average Windrow 100 Temperature (F) 85 70 Average House 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Temperature Day

Average daily windrow temperature readings at 1ft. depth 160 T e m p e ra tu re (F ) 140 21% 120 23% 26% 100 35% 80 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day

Average daily windrow temperature readings at 6 inch depth 130 T e m p e ra tu re (F ) 120 21% 110 23% 100 90 26% 80 35% 70 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Day

Average daily w indrow temperatures during 10 days of in- house pasteurization of poultry litter at various moisture levels T e m p e r a tu r e ( F ) 145.0 35% Moisture, 130.0 surface w atered 115.0 100.0 26% Moisture, No 85.0 added w ater 70.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 35% Moisture, Blended in Day

Sampling Litter samples are taken “before” and “after” the pasteurization process • Pathogens • Nutrients

Sampling Preliminary laboratory results indicate that there is a reduction in broiler litter pathogen levels following in-house pasteurization

Chemical Litter Treatments Chemical Litter Treatments � Acidifying agents to reduce ammonia Acidifying agents to reduce ammonia � production production � Decrease moisture from litter � Decrease moisture from litter � Apply � Apply “ “positive positive” ” bacteria to competitively bacteria to competitively provide good environment for birds provide good environment for birds � Apply enzymes or other compounds to � Apply enzymes or other compounds to bind up ammonia compounds and prevent bind up ammonia compounds and prevent release release

Lewis Brothers Manufacturing, Lewis Brothers Manufacturing, Housekeeper Housekeeper � Litter Treatment Litter Treatment � – De De- -caking and conditioning machines caking and conditioning machines – – Remove moisture Remove moisture- -laden, ammonia producing laden, ammonia producing – manure manure – Mixes and aerates litter material Mixes and aerates litter material – – Video Video –

Red Dragon, Flame Engineering Red Dragon, Flame Engineering � Litter Sterilizer Litter Sterilizer � – Designed to treat bare floors and litter Designed to treat bare floors and litter – after flock removal and de- -caking. caking. after flock removal and de – Six Liquid Propane torches that put Six Liquid Propane torches that put – intense heat under a sturdy enclosed intense heat under a sturdy enclosed steel hood. steel hood. – Produces heat over 2000F and maintains Produces heat over 2000F and maintains – approximately 1400 F which kills approximately 1400 F which kills pathogens, insects and insect larvae or pathogens, insects and insect larvae or eggs. eggs. – Video Video –

Summary for Litter Treatment Summary for Litter Treatment � In In- -house sterilization house sterilization � � Chemical treatment Chemical treatment � � Mechanical treatment Mechanical treatment � � Flame treatment Flame treatment �