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Guest Pamela Young Educator and Political Activist Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Brief Overview ● Police 101 - What are the Police - Police Origins - Misinformation of the Role of Police - Police vs First Responders Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Brief Overview ● Defunding 101 - What does it mean to defund the police? - What it means to reallocate police funds Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

What are the police? The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a ➔ state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and the use of force legitimized by the state via the monopoly on violence. Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Police Origins The Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution: The powers not ➔ delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Police Origins ➔ “the U.S. police force is a relatively modern invention, sparked by changing notions of public order, driven in turn by economics and politics…” Historian Gary Potter, Time, “ How the U.S. Got Its Police Force,” 2017

Police Origins: In the North “The first publicly funded, organized police force with officers ➔ on duty full-time was created in Boston in 1838. Boston was a large shipping commercial center, and businesses had been hiring people to protect their property and safeguard the transport of goods from the port of Boston to other places ...” Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Police Origins: In the South “In the South, however, the economics that drove the creation ➔ of police forces were centered not on the protection of shipping interests but on the preservation of the slavery system. Some of the primary policing institutions there were the slave patrols tasked with chasing down runaways and preventing slave revolts, Potter says; the first formal slave patrol had been created in the Carolina colonies in 1704.” Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Misinformation on the Role of Police In 1962, President John F. Kennedy signed a proclamation which ➔ designated May 15 as Peace Officers Memorial Day. On May 4th the following year, he made this statement: “... from the beginning of this Nation, law enforcement officers have played an important role in safeguarding the rights and freedoms which are guaranteed by the Constitution and in protecting the lives and property of our citizens…” Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Misinformation on the Role of Police “[P]olice officers don’t do what you think they do. They spend ➔ most of their time responding to noise complaints, issuing parking and traffic citations, and dealing with other noncriminal issues. We’ve been taught to think they “catch the bad guys; they chase the bank robbers; they find the serial killers,” said Alex Vitale, the coordinator of the Policing and Social Justice Project at Brooklyn College, in an interview with Jacobin. But this is “a big myth,” he said. “The vast majority of police officers make one felony arrest a year. If they make two, they’re cop of the month.”” - NYT, “Yes, We Mean Literally Abolish the Police,” Mariamma Kamba Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Misinformation on the Role of Police Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Police Training ➔ “Police academies spend 110 hours on firearms and self-defense. They spend 8 hours on conflict management.” Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Why not Reform the Police? Chenjerai 1 2 Kumanyika “[W]hat you see in Minneapolis in their history from 1867 to now - over 150 years of failed reform - you also see in Philadelphia, you also see in New York, you also see on the West Coast. You see it throughout the country.” Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

What Does Defunding Do? “We need to find a way for our communities to be free from harm. ➔ We need institutions to protect people, you know? But right now police budgets starve the money that would go into things like domestic violence shelters. And what I'm trying to say is that police - look around you. The police do not reduce harm. The police are creating harm - right? - on your TV screens and in your streets across the country. So whether you believe in abolishing the police or, you know, defunding the police, the key is that we can't allow - we can't put more money into more policing as the solution. We don't need more money to go into armored tanks, to rubber bullets and all of those kind of things. We need money in social programs that actually reduce harm.” Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

What Does Defunding Do? ➔ “When we talk about defunding the police, what we're saying is invest in the resources that our communities need[.],” - Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

What Does Defunding Do? Fund First Responders ➔ Fund Necessary Community Programs that Decrease the Need for ➔ Police Housing ◆ After-School Programs ◆ Social Workers ◆ Mental Health & Wellness Programs ◆ Domestic Violence Programs ◆ Lift an Unnecessary burden from Police ➔ Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

What Does Defunding Do? ➔ In 2017, more officers were shot responding to domestic violence than any other type of firearm-related fatality, according to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. From 1988 to 2016, 136 officers were killed while responding to domestic disturbances such as family arguments, FBI data show. Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? ➔ Federal Level ➔ State Level ➔ Local/City-Wide Level Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? ➔ Federal Level Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? ➔ Federal Level Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? ➔ Federal Level Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? State Level Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? ➔ State Level Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

How Do We Defund the Police? ➔ Local Level ◆ Local City Council ◆ City-Wide Measures Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Some Book Resources Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔

Presentation by Abiola Agoro | TheAbiola.com ➔ Resources ➔ https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm#amdt_10_(1791) ➔ https://time.com/4779112/police-history-origins/ ➔ https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3537-peace-officers-memorial-day-and-police-week ➔ https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3537-peace-officers-memorial-day-and-police-week ➔ https://www.npr.org/2020/06/05/871083599/the-history-of-police-in-creating-social-order-in-the-u-s ➔ https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/opinion/sunday/floyd-abolish-defund-police.html ➔ https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpp15.pdf ➔ https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/what-would-it-mean-defund-police-these-cities-offer-ideas-n1229266 https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta06.pdf ➔ ➔ https://www.vox.com/2016/7/7/12118906/police-training-mediation ➔ https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/FY19-Budget-Fact-Sheet_Criminal-Justice-Reform.pdf ➔ https://www.usa.gov/budget ➔ https://www.urban.org/policy-centers/cross-center-initiatives/state-and-local-finance-initiative/state-and-local-backgrounders/p olice-and-corrections-expenditures#:~:text=In%202017%2C%20state%20and%20local,on%20corrections%20(3%20percent). ➔ https://theconversation.com/want-to-reform-americas-police-look-to-firefighters-120573