Green Growth and Green Economy in Japan Satoshi Kojim a Di Director, Econom y and Environm ent Group t E d E i t G I nstitute for Global Environm ental Strategies ( I GES) 2 0 1 0 NI SD Conference on “Green Grow th and Green Econom y” 2 5 -2 6 Novem ber 2 0 1 0 , Seoul I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies O tli Outline Green growth and green economy: conceptual framework Green economy policy in Japan Green economy policy in Japan Green growth policy in Japan Japanese focus: green innovation Japanese focus: green innovation Contribution to green economy in Asia Conclusion C l i I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 2
Green Economy: Conceptual framework G E C t l f k Sustainable De Sustainable Deve velopment lopment Green G G reen Economy E E conomy Green Growth Green Growth Politics Politics S Society i t • Peace Building Green Green Tax/ x/ • Education • Governance Green Green Accounting Accou • Social Security Innovation nnovation Green Green New Deal New Deal I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 3 Green Economy in Japanese policy G E i J li 3 pillars (“Becoming a leading environmental nation in the 21st century”, approved by the cabinet in 2007) Low carbon society (e.g. Challenge25: 25% reduction by 2020) Sound material-cycle society (e.g. 3R initiative) Society in harmony with nature (e.g. Satoyama Initiative) Low Carbon Society Society in Harmony Society in Harmony Sound Material-Cycle Sound Material-Cycle with Nature Society Green Economy Green Economy I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 4
8 t 8 strategies towards green economy t i t d “Becoming a leading environmental nation in the 21 st century” Becoming a leading environmental nation in the 21 st century (2007) listed the 8 strategies: 1 1. International leadership to overcome climate change problem I t ti l l d hi t li t h bl 2. Conservation of biodiversity for the sustainable use of ecosystem services 3. Creation of sustainable material-cycles through the 3Rs 4. International cooperation utilizing experience of overcoming pollution 5. Economic growth centered on environmental and energy technologies 6. 6. Creation of vibrant local communities for sustainable use of Creation of vibrant local communities for sustainable use of ecosystem services 7. Environmental education 8. Creating a system to support a “Leading Environmental Nation” I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 5 Cross-national comparison of GE/GG policies C ti l i f GE/GG li i Green Green Innovati Innovation on ・・・ Fos Fostering indus g g industr try y y Green Green New Deal New Deal ・・・ Econ Econom omic recov recover ery y Korea : Green Growth EU: Europe Economic National Strategy (2009) Recovery Plan (2008) Korea : Framework Act on Korea : Green New Deal Low Carbon Green Growth (2009) (2009) EU : Europe 2020 Strategy (2010) US USA : Green New Deal G ee e ea (2009) China : Renewable Green Green Energy Act (2010) Economy Economy New Growth Green Economy and Strategy (2010) gy ( ) Social Change (2009) Social Change (2009) 2nd Basic Plan for Establishing the Green Green Green Green Growth Growth Growth Growth Recycling-Based Society (2008) Bill of Basic Act on Biodiversity National UNEP : Green Economy Global Warming Strategy 2010 (2010) Initiative (2008) Counter-measures UNEP ： TEEB (2010) (2010) Greening ing I Institutio itution ・・・ Green Green tax/ accou tax/ accounting, educa , education I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 6
G Green New Deal policy in Japan N D l li i J Minister of the Environment announced “Green Economy and Social Minister of the Environment announced Green Economy and Social Change” (Japanese Green New Deal) in April 2009 . Greening social overhead capital (public investment) G ee g soc a o e ead cap ta (pub c est e t) Renovation of public buildings e.g. schools to eco-building Renovation of transportation/city to eco-friendly system Investment in forestry for carbon mitigation Investment in forestry for carbon mitigation Greening consumption (mainly through eco-point schemes) Promotion of energy-saving home electric appliances Promotion of next generation eco-housing Promotion of next generation vehicles and biofuels Greening investment (through carbon market and green tax) Greening investment (through carbon market and green tax) Introduction of domestic cap-and-trade Greening tax Carbon offsetting carbon foot print Carbon offsetting, carbon foot-print I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 7 N New Growth Strategy: Policy targets G th St t P li t t Cabinet approved “New Growth Strategy” as the direction of C bi t d “N G th St t ” th di ti f Japanese economic/industrial policy on 18 June 2010. Aim to create new demand and employment through 4 priority areas. Aim to create new demand and employment through 4 priority areas. Green growth through green innovation is one of them. New dem and Job creation Green innovation JPY 5 0 trillion 1 .4 m illion jobs ( ( USD 4 1 5 billion) ) Life innovation JPY 50 trillion 2.8 million jobs (USD 415 billion) A i Asian economy JPY 12 t illi JPY 12 trillion 0.2 million jobs 0 2 illi j b (USD 100 billion) Tourism JPY 12 trillion 0.6 million jobs (USD 100 billion) I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 8
N New Growth Strategy: Green innovation G th St t G i ti ＜ Energy ＜ Energy Energy Sect Energy Sector Sector ＞ Sector or ＞ • Renewable energy • Nuclear power plant • Efficiency improvement in thermal ＜ Transportation ＜ Transportation ansportation ＞ ansportation ＞ power generation power generation • Promotion of modal shift • Low power consumption ICT • Next-generation vehicle • Smart grid ＜ Targets by rgets by 2020 2020 ＞ • ¥50 trillion-scale environmental related new market • 1.4 million new environmental related employment • Reduction emission by 1.3 billion t-CO 2 at the global level ＜ Reso Resour urce ce ＞ ＜ Buildin Building ＞ g • Promotion of recycling • Promotion of recycling • Energy-saving home electronics • Invention of alternative • Eco-house materials for rare-metal • Heat-pomp • LED and organic EL g • Environmental concierge I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 9 C Contribution to green economy in Asia t ib ti t i A i Utilise green innovation in Japan to greening economy in Utilise green innovation in Japan to greening economy in Asia Promote infrastructure development as a package in Asian p p g countries, e.g. high speed train (Shinkansen), urban transportation, water infrastructure, energy infrastrucure, and eco-city. Not only increased export of green products for infrastructure N t l i d t f d t f i f t t development but also consequent economic growth in Asian countries will provide larger market for Japanese producers. Clean Asia Initiative (Ministry of the Environment) Realise green economy (low carbon economy, sound material-cycle economy and economy in harmony with nature) in Asian countries ) through ODA. I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 10
Classification of green industry Cl ifi ti f i d t Matured: Industry with • well-developed technology • tangible success in both domestic and foreign markets markets Supportive: Supportive: Example: Car industry (Hybrid car) Industry which support industrial Take-off: Industry with sectors listed left for • well-developed technology their smooth • tangible success in domestic market promotion of green • no entry or only a short-period of entry in foreign activities market market Example: Example: Energy (nuclear energy), Transportation (high-speed Financial institution, rail), Construction (low-carbon housing), Water, Trading company Recycling Premature: Industry with small domestic market Example: Car industry (Electric car), Energy (Biomass energy) Example: Car industry (Electric car), Energy (Biomass energy) I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 11 Examples of integrated infrastructure system Examples of integrated infrastructure system Electricity High-Speed Rail Water Business Toshiba Nippon Sharyo Manufacturing Manufacturing Hit Hitachi hi Hitachi part Toray etc Mitsubishi Heavy Kawasaki Heavy Industries Industries Construction Construction Construction Construction company company part company (Obayashi etc) (Obayashi etc) (Obayashi etc) (Obayashi etc) Operation Electric power Japan Railways part company Bureau of Private railway Private railway (Tokyo Electric Power Waterworks company Company etc) Finance part Japan Bank for International Cooperation C Commercial bank, Trading company I nstitute for G lobal E nvironmental S trategies 12
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