Gravitational Waves from Inflation Eiichiro Komatsu [Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics] “ Towards the European Coordination of the CMB Programme ”, September 20, 2018
Seven orders of magnitude in power Temperature from sound waves in “just” 25 years E-mode from sound waves B-mode from gravitational lensing B-mode from GW
Seven orders of magnitude in power Temperature from sound waves in “just” 25 years E-mode from sound waves B-mode from gravitational lensing B-mode from GW We want this!!
Another two orders of magnitude Temperature from sound waves in the next 10–15 years E-mode from sound waves B-mode from gravitational lensing B-mode from GW We want this!!
Key Predictions ζ • Fluctuations we observe today in CMB and the matter distribution originate from quantum fluctuations during inflation scalar Mukhanov&Chibisov (1981) Guth & Pi (1982) mode Hawking (1982) Starobinsky (1982) Bardeen, Steinhardt&Turner h ij (1983) • There should also be ultra long-wavelength gravitational waves generated during inflation Grishchuk (1974) Starobinsky (1979) tensor mode
We measure distortions in space • A distance between two points in space d ` 2 = a 2 ( t )[1 + 2 ⇣ ( x , t )][ � ij + h ij ( x , t )] dx i dx j • ζ : “curvature perturbation” (scalar mode) • Perturbation to the determinant of the spatial metric • h ij : “gravitational waves” (tensor mode) • Perturbation that does not alter the determinant X h ii = 0 i
Measuring GW • GW changes distances between two points X d ` 2 = d x 2 = � ij dx i dx j ij d ` 2 = X ( � ij + h ij ) dx i dx j ij
Laser Interferometer Mirror Mirror detector No signal
Laser Interferometer Mirror Mirror detector Signal!
LIGO detected GW from a binary blackholes, with the wavelength of thousands of kilometres But, the primordial GW affecting the CMB has a wavelength of billions of light-years !! How do we find it?
Detecting GW by CMB Isotropic electro-magnetic fields
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