Grape growing Grape growing in Lithuania in Lithuania Andrius - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Grape growing Grape growing in Lithuania in Lithuania Andrius Diliautas Andrius Diliautas � �

Climate in Lithuania Climate in Lithuania � Mid Mid� �way between maritime way between maritime � and continental. and continental. � The weather is changeable, The weather is changeable, � with mild, wet summers and with mild, wet summers and cold winters. cold winters. cold winters. cold winters. � Rainfall is spread Rainfall is spread � throughout the year, but throughout the year, but more rain tends to fall on more rain tends to fall on the coast. Summer is the the coast. Summer is the wettest season (60 wettest season (60� �80 80 mm/m mm/month onth), and cloudy ), and cloudy skies are common. skies are common.

Climate in Lithuania Climate in Lithuania � Warming effect of the sea Warming effect of the sea � � The effect of Atlantic Ocean is felt not only on The effect of Atlantic Ocean is felt not only on � the seashore but also in the whole territory of the seashore but also in the whole territory of the seashore but also in the whole territory of the seashore but also in the whole territory of Lithuania Lithuania � In Lithuania the average air temperature in In Lithuania the average air temperature in � January is almost 10 degrees higher than the January is almost 10 degrees higher than the AVG temp. of Middle Russia which belongs to AVG temp. of Middle Russia which belongs to our geographical latitude. our geographical latitude.

Climate in Lithuania Climate in Lithuania � YMT YMT is is 6.2 6.2° ° C C (43 (43° ° F ). Last decade: F ). Last decade: 6.9 6.9° ° C C (44.5 F). (44.5 F). � Year 2000: Year 2000: 8.3 8.3° ° C C (47 F). (47 F). � 17 17� �25 25 ° °C C (~70 F) is frequent at summer day and 14 (~70 F) is frequent at summer day and 14 ° °C C � at night. at night. � January from � January from January from � January from � �2,5 �2,5 2,5 ° 2,5 ° ° C ° C C (27,5 F) (seaside) C (27,5 F) (seaside) (27,5 F) (seaside) (27,5 F) (seaside) � � to to � � 6 6 ° ° C C (21 (21° ° F ) (Vilnius) F ) (Vilnius) � ΣT>10 ΣT>10° ° C C (50 F) (50 F) 2 20 000 00 – – 2 25 500 00 (AVG 2200 (AVG 2200� �2300) 2300) � � Length of the season (>10 Length of the season (>10° ° C C ) ) – – 130 130� �140 days 140 days � � Extreme temperatures Extreme temperatures: : � Ma Maх х tem temp. p. + 37,5 + 37,5° °C C 1994 1994� �07 07� �30, 30, Zarasai Zarasai Min temp. Min temp. � � 42,9 42,9 ° °C C 1956 1956� �02 02� �01, Utena 01, Utena Brrrr.. Brrrr..

Winters and Late spring freeze Winters and Late spring freeze

Winters and Late spring freeze Winters and Late spring freeze � � �20 20 ° ° C C ( (� �4 F) occur almost every winter. 4 F) occur almost every winter. � � 6b zone 6b zone – – seaside; T seaside; T° °n(m) > n(m) > � �20 20 ° ° C C ( (� �4 F) 4 F) � � 5a zone 5a zone � � east LT; T east LT; T° °n(m) n(m) � �25 25 ° ° C C � � � �28 28 ° ° C C ( (� �18,4 F) 18,4 F) � � Night temp Night temp. . of of � � 30 30 ° ° C C ( (� �22 F) 22 F) � � � �34 34 ° ° C C ( (� �29 F) are 29 F) are � not very not very rare in the eastern part of Lithuania not very not very rare in the eastern part of Lithuania rare in the eastern part of Lithuania rare in the eastern part of Lithuania � Frost free season Frost free season : : � 160 160 – – 180 days 180 days in the seaside and in the seaside and 130 130 � � 150 days 150 days in the east of Lithuania. in the east of Lithuania. Late spring frost Late spring frost – – 5 of May 5 of May . . First frost in Fall First frost in Fall – – 25 25� �28 of September 28 of September . .

Climate change since 1778 Climate change since 1778

Climate change predictions Climate change predictions for the 21st century in Lithuania* for the 21st century in Lithuania* � Winter + (4 Winter + (4– –8 8 ° °C) C) � � Summer + (1,5 Summer + (1,5– –3,5 3,5 ° °C) C) � � More wet in Winter and Spring More wet in Winter and Spring � � Less wet in Summer and Fall � Less wet in Summer and Fall Less wet in Summer and Fall Less wet in Summer and Fall � � � More sunshine hours More sunshine hours � � Less snow Less snow � � Still risk of cold weather invasions from Still risk of cold weather invasions from � North North� �East during winter East during winter � * Egidijus Rimkus, Justas Kažys, Justina Junevičiūtė, Edvinas Stonevičius, Vilnius university

History of grape History of grape growing in growing in Lithuania Lithuania � In XVIII In XVIII � � XIX centuries vines were grown in XIX centuries vines were grown in � some manors (estates) in Lithuania. some manors (estates) in Lithuania. First time mentioned: First time mentioned: � 1782 1782 ( ( Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera L.), L.), � � 1821 ( 1821 ( Vitis labrusca Vitis labrusca L.), L.), � � 1824 ( 1824 ( Vitis Vitis vulpina vulpina L.) L.) �

History of grape History of grape growing in growing in Lithuania Lithuania � In 1931 In 1931� �1937 in Kaunas botanical garden were planted these 1937 in Kaunas botanical garden were planted these � varieties varieties: : � ‘Chasselas Blanc’ ‘Chasselas Blanc’ � � ‘Chasselas de Vitbert’ ‘Chasselas de Vitbert’ � � ‘Chasselas Rose’ � ‘Chasselas Rose’ ‘Chasselas Rose’ ‘Chasselas Rose’ � � � ‘Lignan’ ( ‘Lignan’ (L Luglienga uglienga Bianca, Italy) Bianca, Italy) � � ‘Madeleine Angevine’ ‘Madeleine Angevine’ � � ‘ ‘M Malingre alingre P Precose’ recose’ � � ‘Limberger’ ‘Limberger’ � � ‘Früher Leipziger’ (Agostenga , Italy) ‘Früher Leipziger’ (Agostenga , Italy) � � ‘Frühburgunder’ ‘Frühburgunder’ � � ‘Oberlin 604’ (Riparia ‘Oberlin 604’ (Riparia M Millardet illardet x x G Gamay Noir amay Noir ) ) � � ‘Isabella’ ‘Isabella’ �

Local amateur grapebreeders ocal amateur grapebreeders Antanas Gaili Antanas Gailiu unas nas (Roki (Rokis ski kis s distr distr., ., Juodup Juodupe e) ) His most famous His most famous selections: selections: Gaili Gailiu un ne e � � Gaili Gailiu uno Jadvyga no Jadvyga � � Gailiu Gailiu Gaili Gaili uno uno no S no S Sasla Sasla asla asla � � Juodupe Juodup e � � Juodkrant Juodkrante e � � Juvendana Juvendana � � Liepsna Liepsna � � Palanga Palanga � � Sirvinta S irvinta � � Lietuvos perlas Lietuvos perlas � � Varduva Varduva � �

Associations Associations � Association of Lithuanian grape growers Association of Lithuanian grape growers � (2007) (2007) � National association of (amateur) National association of (amateur) � winemakers (2006) winemakers (2006) www.nva.lt www.nva.lt

First commercial vineyard First commercial vineyard Plunge (2009) Plunge (2009) � � 1 ha (8 ha in plans) 1 ha (8 ha in plans) � � Organic Organic � � Solaris Solaris � � 2500 vines 2500 vines � � Rondo Rondo – Rondo Rondo – – 1500 vines – 1500 vines 1500 vines 1500 vines � � MF MF – – 375 vines 375 vines � � LM LM – – 250 vines 250 vines � � EU Structural funds EU Structural funds � � support support (Setting up (Setting up of Young Farmers) of Young Farmers)

Growing grapes in greenhouses Growing grapes in greenhouses and outdoor and outdoor

Training and Pruning Training and Pruning

Protecting vines in winter Protecting vines in winter

Table grape varieties Table grape varieties Most popular: Most popular: Most promising: Most promising: A. A. Gaili Gailiu unas selections; nas selections; Garant, Garant, Galanth, Galanth , P. Sukatnieks (Latvia) P. Sukatnieks (Latvia) Osella, Osella, selections: selections : Arkadia, Arkadia, Supaga, Guna; Supaga, Guna; Supaga, Guna; Supaga, Guna; Augustin (V25/20) Augustin (V25/20) Augustin (V25/20) Augustin (V25/20) Nero, Nero, Russian varieties: Russian varieties: Muscat Bleu, Muscat Bleu, Alio Aliosh shenkin, enkin, Pesnia, Pesnia, Vostorg, Vostorg, Elegant sverchrannii, Elegant sverchrannii, Timur, Timur, Kishmish No 342, Kishmish No 342, Olga (Krasa Severa) Olga (Krasa Severa) Jubilei Jubile i Novgoroda, Novgoroda, Galachad, Galachad, Agat Donskoi Agat Donsko i. . Garold. Garold.

Pics of table grape varieties Pics of table grape varieties

Wine grape varieties Wine grape varieties Most popular: Most popular: Most promising: Most promising: Ivanausko rastinuke Ivanausko rastinuke � Solaris Solaris � (Alpha or ( Alpha or Beta ?) Beta ?) � Siegerrebe � Siegerrebe Siegerrebe Siegerrebe � � Solaris Solaris � Rondo Rondo ? ? � Rondo Rondo � Regent ? Regent ? � � The earliest of Elmer The earliest of Elmer � Swenson’s selections Swenson’s selections � Varduva Varduva �

Pics of wine grape varieties Pics of wine grape varieties