Good Morning! MCS2490/BMS2308 Package Production September/October 2017 Ulrich Werner
Course Description „An introduction to radio package; the fundamentals and techniques of sound production and the element involved in the design and production of radio package.”
Technicalities totheCourse Syllabus Course Content and Assessments Course Web Page
Course Syllabus https://studyinthailand.org
Course Syllabus • You find more information on your https://studyinthailand.org course page
The Course Project • Produce a 60‐seconds commercial for radio broadcast on studying at IIS‐RU. • You can work in teams of not more than three students, or you can work on your own, if you prefer. • You may download your free trial version of Adobe Audition here.
This course will guide you step by step through your project. We focus on the audience and apply common best practices in your work.
To get an idea how your final product might sound, listen to some professionals. https://www.voices.com/directory/radio
Now it’s time to make your teams, or for you to decide whether you will work on your own. Please submit a sheet of paper with the names. If you prefer to work alone, you are a team on your own (and get a team number as well).
It’s time for a first break.
Introduction to Audio
What is Audio? • Audio means "of sound" or "of the reproduction of sound". • Specifically, it refers to the range of frequencies detectable by the human ear — approximately 20Hz to 20kHz. • It's not a bad idea to memorize those numbers — 20Hz is the lowest‐pitched (bassiest) sound we can hear, 20kHz is the highest pitch we can hear.
What is Audio? • Audio work involves the production, recording, manipulation and reproduction of sound waves. • To understand audio you must have a grasp of two things : – Sound Waves: What they are, how they are produced and how we hear them. – Sound Equipment: What the different components are, what they do, how to choose the correct equipment and use it properly.
The Field of Audio Work • Studio Sound Engineer • Film/Television Sound Recordist • Live Sound Engineer • Field Sound Engineer • Musician • Audio Editor • Music Producer • Post‐Production Audio • DJ Creator • Radio technician
The Field of Audio Work • In addition, many other professions require a level of audio proficiency. • For example, video camera operators should know enough about audio to be able to record good quality sound with their pictures.
Audio in Video • Speaking of video‐making, it's important to recognize the importance of audio in film and video. • A common mistake amongst amateurs is to concentrate only on the vision and assume that as long as the microphone is working the audio will be fine. • However, satisfactory audio requires skill and effort. Sound is critical to the flow of the program — indeed in many situations high quality sound is more important than high quality video.
How Sound Waves work • Sound waves exist as variations of pressure in a medium such as air. • They are created by the vibration of an object, which causes the air surrounding it to vibrate. • The vibrating air then causes the human eardrum to vibrate, which the brain interprets as sound.
How Sound Waves Work • Sound waves travel through air in much the same way as water waves travel through water. • The wave shown here represents a constant tone at a set frequency. You will have heard this noise being used as a test or identification signal. This "test tone" creates a nice smooth wave which is ideal for technical purposes. Other sounds create far more erratic waves.
How Sound Waves work • Note that a waveform graph is two‐dimensional but in the real world sound waves are three‐dimensional. • The graph indicates a wave traveling along a path from left to right, but real sound waves travel in an expanding sphere from the source. • However the 2‐dimensional model works fairly well when thinking about how sound travels from one place to another.
How Sound Waves work • In an electronic signal, high values represent high positive voltage. • When this signal is converted to a sound wave, you can think of high values as representing areas of increased air pressure. • When the waveform hits a high point, this corresponds to molecules of air being packed together densely. • When the wave hits a low point the air molecules are spread more thinly.
How Sound Waves work In the diagram below, the black dots represent air molecules. As the loudspeaker vibrates, it causes the surrounding molecules to vibrate in a particular pattern represented by the waveform. The vibrating air then causes the listener's eardrum to vibrate in the same pattern. Voilà — Sound!
Why you need to know this • All audio work is about manipulating sound waves. • The end result of your work is this series of high and low pressure zones. • That's why it's so important to understand how they work ‐ they are the "material" of your art.
Sound Wave Properties Wavelength: The distance between any point on a wave and the equivalent point on the next phase. Literally, the length of the wave. Amplitude: The strength or power of a wave signal. The "height" of a wave when viewed as a graph. Higher amplitudes are interpreted as a higher volume, hence the name "amplifier" for a device that increases amplitude. Frequency: The number of times the wavelength occurs in one second. Measured in kilohertz (Khz), or cycles per second. The faster the sound source vibrates, the higher the frequency. Higher frequencies are interpreted as a higher pitch. For example, when you sing in a high‐pitched voice you are forcing your vocal chords to vibrate quickly.
How Sound Waves Interact with Each Other • Sound waves which are exactly in phase add together to produce a stronger wave. • Sound waves which are exactly inverted, or 180 degrees out of phase, cancel each other out and produce silence. This is how many noise‐ cancellation devices work. • Sound waves which have varying phase relationships produce differing sound effects.
Thank you for your attention. Don’t forget the Review T est next class!
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