Good Morning! MC S 2490/ BMS 2308 Package Production J anuary 2017 Ulrich Werner
Course Description „ An introduction to radio package; the fundamentals and techniques of sound production and the element involved in the design and production of radio package.”
T echnicalitiesto the Course Syllabus Course Content and Assessments Course Web Page
Course S yllabus
Course S yllabus • Y ou find more information on http:/ /studyinthailand.org course page
The Course Project • Produce a three minute documentary for radio broadcast on a controversial topic of your choice in a professional manner. • Y ou can work in teams of not more than three students, or you can work on your own, if you prefer. • Y ou may download your free trial version of Adobe Audition here.
Now it’s time to make your teams, or to decide whether you will work on your own. Please submit a sheet of paper with the names. If you prefer to work alone, you are a team on your own (and get a team number as well).
Introduction to Audio
What is Audio? • Audio means "of sound" or "of the reproduction of sound". • Specifically, it refers to the range of frequencies detectable by the human ear — approximately 20Hz to 20kHz. • It's not a bad idea to memorise those numbers — 20Hz is the lowest-pitched (bassiest) sound we can hear, 20kHz is the highest pitch we can hear.
What is Audio? • Audio work involves the production, recording, manipulation and reproduction of sound waves. • T o understand audio you must have a grasp of two things: – Sound Waves: What they are, how they are produced and how we hear them. – Sound Equipment: What the different components are, what they do, how to choose the correct equipment and use it properly.
The Field of Audio Work • Studio Sound Engineer • Film/ T elevision Sound Recordist • Live Sound Engineer • Field Sound Engineer • M usician • Audio Editor • M usic Producer • Post-Production Audio • DJ Creator • Radio technician
The Field of Audio Work • In addition, many other professions require a level of audio proficiency. • For example, video camera operators should know enough about audio to be able to record good quality sound with their pictures.
Audio in Video • Speaking of video-making, it's important to recognize the importance of audio in film and video. • A common mistake amongst amateurs is to concentrate only on the vision and assume that as long as the microphone is working the audio will be fine. • However, satisfactory audio requires skill and effort. Sound is critical to the flow of the program — indeed in many situations high quality sound is more important than high quality video.
How S ound Waves work • Sound waves exist as variations of pressure in a medium such as air. • They are created by the vibration of an object, which causes the air surrounding it to vibrate. • The vibrating air then causes the human eardrum to vibrate, which the brain interprets as sound.
How S ound Waves Work • Sound waves travel through air in much the same way as water waves travel through water. • The wave shown here represents a constant tone at a set frequency. Y ou will have heard this noise being used as a test or identification signal. This "test tone" creates a nice smooth wave which is ideal for technical purposes. Other sounds create far more erratic waves.
How S ound Waves work • Note that a waveform graph is two-dimensional but in the real world sound waves are three-dimensional. • The graph indicates a wave traveling along a path from left to right, but real sound waves travel in an expanding sphere from the source. • However the 2-dimensional model works fairly well when thinking about how sound travels from one place to another.
How S ound Waves work • In an electronic signal, high values represent high positive voltage. • When this signal is converted to a sound wave, you can think of high values as representing areas of increased air pressure. • When the waveform hits a high point, this corresponds to molecules of air being packed together densely. • When the wave hits a low point the air molecules are spread more thinly.
How S ound Waves work In the diagram below, the black dots represent air molecules. As the loudspeaker vibrates, it causes the surrounding molecules to vibrate in a particular pattern represented by the waveform. The vibrating air then causes the listener's eardrum to vibrate in the same pattern. Voilà — Sound!
Why you need to know this • All audio work is about manipulating sound waves. • The end result of your work is this series of high and low pressure zones. • That's why it's so important to understand how they work - they are the "material" of your art.
S ound Wave Properties Wavelength: The distance between any point on a wave and the equivalent point on the next phase. Literally, the length of the wave. Amplitude: The strength or power of a wave signal. The "height" of a wave when viewed as a graph. Higher amplitudes are interpreted as a higher volume, hence the name "amplifier" for a device that increases amplitude. Frequency: The number of times the wavelength occurs in one second. M easured in kilohertz (Khz), or cycles per second. The faster the sound source vibrates, the higher the frequency. Higher frequencies are interpreted as a higher pitch. For example, when you sing in a high-pitched voice you are forcing your vocal chords to vibrate quickly.
How S ound Waves Interact with E ach Other • Sound waves which are exactly in phase add together to produce a stronger wave. • Sound waves which are exactly inverted, or 180 degrees out of phase, cancel each other out and produce silence. This is how many noise- cancellation devices work. • Sound waves which have varying phase relationships produce differing sound effects.
Thank you for your attention. Don’t forget the Review T es t next clas s !
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