Glottal Constriction in Gorum elements Glottal Stop - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Glottal Constriction in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal Glottal Constriction in Gorum elements Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status Felix Rau Summary Previous Accounts (Leiden University) Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison October 26, 2009 Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification Historical Evidence Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Glottal elements in Gorum in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements Glottal Stop Phenomena Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice • glottal stop: ʔ Phonemic status Summary • pre-glottalized voiced obstruents: ˀb, ˀd, ˀɟ, ˀg Previous Accounts • creaky voice: V̰ Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison Prosodic Problems Phonology Syllable Structure • phonemic status Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification • phonological analysis Historical Evidence • historical situation of creaky voice Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Glottal stop ʔ in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements Contrastiveness Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents (1) ɖa ‘do!’ Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary (2) ɖaʔ ‘water’ Previous Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Phonetics Comparison Prosodic Phonology (3) [gaʔ] ‘eat!’ Syllable Structure Phonological Stem [gaʔ a tu] ‘he will eat’ (4) Suffixes Syllabification [gaʔ a ru] ‘he has eaten’ (5) Historical Evidence [tiʔ i tu] ‘he will pull’ (6) Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Pre-Glottalized Obstruents in Gorum Felix Rau Contrastiveness Glottal elements • contrastiveness is problematic Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice (7) ɖaˀbu ‘to cover’ Phonemic status Summary Previous (8) ɖabu ‘money’ Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison Phonetics Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure (9) [gaˀd̚] ‘cut!’ Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification (10) [gaˀdⁿtu] ‘he will cut’ Historical Evidence (11) [gaˀdⁿru] ‘he has cut’ Conclusion (12) [seˀbᵐtu] ‘he will chop’ (13) [taˀɟʲtu] ‘he will give’ . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Creaky Voice in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements Contrastiveness Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice (14) a̰l ‘husking pit’ Phonemic status Summary (15) al ‘thatch!’ Previous Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison Phonetics Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure (16) [a̰l̰] ‘husking pit’ Phonological Stem Suffixes (17) [sṵr̰] ‘hunting’ Syllabification Historical (18) [a̰suŋ] ‘house’ Evidence Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Phonemic status in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal Minimal Pairs elements Glottal Stop • ˀO vs. ʔN Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice ɖaʔ ‘water’ Phonemic status Summary ɖaˀd ‘for’ Previous kinɖaʔn ‘river-LOC’ Accounts Aze's Analysis • ˀO vs. V̰N Zide's Analysis Comparison nḛn ‘COND:MED’ Prosodic Phonology kinmeˀd ‘goat’ Syllable Structure • Vʔ vs. V̰ Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification no good minimal pair! Historical Evidence ɖaʔ ‘water’ Conclusion a̰suŋ ‘house’ . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Summary in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Phonetic Characteristics Obstruents Creaky Voice nucleus coda Phonemic status Summary ʔ unaffected glottal stop (echo vowel) Previous ˀO partially affected obstruent Accounts Aze's Analysis V̰ fully affected affected Zide's Analysis Comparison Prosodic Problems Phonology Syllable Structure Phonological Stem • How many distinctive phenomena? Suffixes Syllabification • What level of phonology? Historical Evidence Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Previous Accounts in Gorum Felix Rau Aze's Analysis Glottal elements • one single prosodic feature (/ʔ/) of the syllable Glottal Stop (or rhyme) Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice • no distinction between creaky voice (V̰) and Phonemic status Summary glottal stop (Vʔ) Previous Accounts • pre-glottalized obstruents analyzed as Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis glottalization + nasal Comparison Prosodic ˀO → ʔN and V̰ → Vʔ Phonology Syllable Structure • minimalization of possible syllable structures Phonological Stem Suffixes (C)V(ʔ) (C)V(ʔ)N Syllabification Historical Evidence Problem Conclusion Aze’s view CVʔ-N kinɖaʔn ‘river-LOC’ kinɖaʔn CVˀO ɖaˀd ‘for’ ɖaʔn . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Previous Accounts in Gorum Felix Rau Zide's Analysis Glottal elements glottalized obstruents are not phonemic Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents • glottal stop Vʔ → Vʔ Creaky Voice Phonemic status Summary • creaky voice V̰ → VH Previous • glottalized obstruents ˀO → O Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison Problems Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure • phonological treatment of creaky voice “H” Phonological Stem Suffixes • status of glottalized obstruents Syllabification Historical Evidence (19) ɖaˀbu ‘to cover’ Conclusion (20) ɖabu ‘money’ . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Previous Accounts in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements Glottal Stop Comparison Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Aze Zide Creaky Voice Phonemic status CV ɖa ‘to do’ CV ɖa CV ɖa Summary Previous CVN ɖan ‘to guard’ CVN ɖan CVN ɖan Accounts CVʔ ɖaʔ ‘water’ CVʔ ɖaʔ CVʔ ɖaʔ Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison CVˀO ɖaˀd ‘for’ CVʔN ɖaʔn CVC ɖad Prosodic V̰ a̰suŋ ‘house’ Vʔ aʔsuŋ VH aHsuŋ Phonology Syllable Structure Phonological Stem CVʔ CVˀO V̰ Suffixes Syllabification Aze all one, phonemic Historical Evidence Zide phonemic not phonemic phonemic Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Prosodic Phonology in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal elements Glottal Stop Syllable Structure Pre-Glottalized Obstruents Creaky Voice • (C)V(C) (two very rare exceptions: ɖrVC, CVŋk) Phonemic status Summary • glottal constriction connected to rhyme/coda Previous Accounts • clear distribution Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison Prosodic Possible Syllables Phonology Syllable Structure Phonological Stem (C)V (C)V̰ (C)Vʔ (C)VˀO Suffixes Syllabification (C)VN (C)V̰N Historical (C)V(j/r/l) (C)V̰N/r/l) Evidence Conclusion . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Phonological Stem in Gorum Felix Rau Constraint on Glottal elements σ M σ M kanmun ‘pig’ Glottal elements σ M σ G kusoˀd ‘dog’ Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized σ G σ M a̰suŋ ‘house’ Obstruents Creaky Voice *σ G σ G Phonemic status Summary Reduplication Previous Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis (21) zum → zumzum Comparison Prosodic (22) gaʔ → gagaʔ Phonology Syllable Structure (23) gaˀd → gagaˀd Phonological Stem Suffixes Syllabification Historical Evidence Causatives ab- Conclusion (24) ab+so'ɟ → ab-so'ɟ (25) ab+suŋ → aˀb-suŋ (or a̰b- ) . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Phonological Stem in Gorum Felix Rau Distribution in the Stem Glottal elements CVʔ CVC.CVʔ CVC.CVC.CVʔ Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents CVˀO CVC.CVˀO CVC.CVC.CVˀO Creaky Voice Phonemic status CV̰C CV̰C.CVC CVC.CV̰C.CVC Summary Previous Accounts Aze's Analysis (26) gaʔ ‘to eat’ Zide's Analysis Comparison (27) seˀb ‘to chop’ Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure (28) bṵl ‘to be drunk’ Phonological Stem Suffixes (29) tupaˀd ‘to thresh’ Syllabification Historical (30) kinɖaʔ ‘river’ Evidence Conclusion (31) go̰tuŋ ‘cloth’ (32) bio̰gi ‘cloth’ . . . . . .

Glottal Constriction Phonological Stem in Gorum Felix Rau Minimal Nominal Stems Glottal elements • bisyllabic Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized Obstruents • monosyllabic with glottal element Creaky Voice Phonemic status (33) ɖaʔ ‘water’ Summary Previous (34) baˀb ‘head’ Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis (35) a̰l ‘husking pit’ Comparison Prosodic (36) sṵr ‘hunting’ cf. sur ‘to hunt’ Phonology Syllable Structure Phonological Stem Suffixes Creaky Voice in Loans Syllabification Historical Evidence • CVCV → CV̰CV Conclusion (37) ɖo̰pa ‘leaf bowl’ from T elugu doppa (38) ka̰ɖu ‘bangles’ from Desia Oriya kaɖu . . . . . .

̰ Glottal Constriction Suffixes in Gorum Felix Rau Glottal Affectedness/Medium elements Glottal Stop Pre-Glottalized (39) koko#-tuʔ ‘He will sit.’ Obstruents Creaky Voice Phonemic status (40) ɖimaˀd#-tuʔ ‘He will sleep.’ Summary Previous (41) or-gi'ɟ#-n-a̰j ‘It is not visible.’ Accounts Aze's Analysis Zide's Analysis Comparison Allomorphy? Prosodic Phonology Syllable Structure • glottal stop -ʔ Phonological Stem Suffixes • CVʔ Syllabification Historical • creaky voice V Evidence • (C)V̰N Conclusion • (C)V̰j . . . . . .