GETTING OUT OF THE KITCHEN SINK: EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR LOW - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

GETTING OUT OF THE “KITCHEN SINK”: EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR LOW RISK YOUTH ALICIA HENDERSON, LANCASTER COUNTY ATTORNEY AMY HOFFMAN, DIRECTOR OF JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAMS AMOREENA BRADY, OFFICE OF PROBATION ADMINISTRATION, JUVENILE JUSTICE SPECIALIST OF CASE MANAGEMENT

SESSION OBJECTIVES • HIGHLIGHT OF DIVERSION PROGRAMS IN NEBRASKA • RISK, NEED, RESPONSIVITY AND DOSAGE PRINCIPLES • TARGETING INTERVENTIONS FOR LOW RISK YOUTH • LANCASTER COUNTY SCREENING PROCESS OF CANDIDATES FOR DIVERSION

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LANCASTER COUNTY EARLY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Assessment Specialist County interviews youth Attorney Police Child Guidance and parent(s). reviews police Completes NYS reports AND File Assessment assessment Referrals information. Makes No File intervention Makes recommendations intervention decision Children under 12 assessed at Child Guidance Diversion

WHY? • TO ASSESS RISKS/ASSETS OF REFERRED YOUTH TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF INTERVENTION (USING NEBRASKA YOUTH SCREEN ASSESSMENT TOOL) • PARENTS HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR CHILD AND FAMILY SITUATION TO THE COUNTY ATTORNEY IN A TIMELY MANNER

OUTCOMES Evaluation of Lancaster County Early Assessment Process (Hobbs, 2010, 2012)

FINDINGS • REDUCED court filings. •INCREASED “No Files.” • DECREASED referrals to Diversion. • CHANGED County Attorney decision for 136 youth.

ADDITIONAL FINDINGS • WHILE JUVENILE CRIME IN LANCASTER COUNTY DECREASED 30%, JUVENILE FILINGS HAVE DECREASED BY 40%. • YOUTH WHO PARTICIPATE IN EARLY ASSESSMENT ARE LESS LIKELY TO RECIDIVATE LONG-TERM (LONGER THAN 24 MONTHS AFTER COMPLETING PROGRAM) WHEN COMPARED TO YOUTH WHO PARTICIPATE IN DIVERSION PROGRAMMING. Evaluation of Lancaster County Early Assessment Process (Hobbs, 2010, 2012)

TYPES OF DIVERSION IN LANCASTER • EARLY ASSESSMENT • PROJECT SUCCESS • TRUANCY DIVERSION • DIVERSION • INTENSIVE DIVERSION

DIVERSION IN NEBRASKA • AUGUST 2013: • 50 COUNTIES REPORTED HAVING A JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAM • 25 COUNTIES REPORTED DATA INTO JDCMS • JANUARY 2014: • 57 COUNTIES REPORTED HAVING A JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAM • 43 COUNTIES REPORTED DATA INTO JDCMS** • JANUARY 2015: • 62 COUNTIES REPORTED HAVING A JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAM • 52 COUNTIES REPORTED DATA INTO JDCMS** • JANUARY 2016: • 69 COUNTIES REPORTED HAVING A JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAM • 59 COUNTIES REPORTED DATA INTO JDCMS** • WINNEBAGO WELLNESS COURT DIVERSION PROGRAM AND SANTEE SIOUX TEEN COURT PROGRAM NOT INCLUDED IN DATA. **Some counties with zero referrals; some counties not complying with reporting requirement.

Santee Sioux Winnebago Tribe

DIVERSION IN NEBRASKA • WE CONTINUE TO SEE AN INCREASE IN DIVERSION BEING OFFERED STATEWIDE. • IN 2015: • MORE THAN 4,000 YOUTH WERE REFERRED TO DIVERSION • 78% OF YOUTH REFERRED TO A JUVENILE DIVERSION PROGRAM IN CY2105 ENROLLED AFTER REFERRAL (3,505 YOUTH). • 82% (2,365 YOUTH) OF THE CLOSED DIVERSION CASES SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE THE DIVERSION PROGRAM, AND 17% (500 YOUTH) OF THE CLOSED CASES DID NOT SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE THE DIVERSION PROGRAM. • NOT CAPTURED ARE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF YOUTH THAT WERE SCREENED OUT OF BEING REFERRED TO DIVERSION WITH LITTLE TO NO SERVICES. IS THIS OKAY??

DIVERSION IN NEBRASKA

DIVERSION IN NEBRASKA • MUST USE SCREENING TOOLS FOR USE IN CREATING A DIVERSION PLAN UTILIZING APPROPRIATE SERVICES FOR THE JUVENILE • MUST BE DESIGNED TO FURTHER THE GOALS OF: • PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE TO ADJUDICATION • REDUCING RECIDIVISM • REDUCING COSTS AND BURDENS ON JUSTICE SYSTEM • COLLECTING RESTITUTION TO THE VICTIM. Neb. Rev. Stat. 43-260.04

DIVERSION IN NEBRASKA • SO…DIVERSION PROGRAMS SHOULD PROVIDE SCREENING TOOLS TO CREATE A DIVERSION PLAN, WITH THE GOAL OF REDUCING RECIDIVISM! • TO REDUCE RECIDIVISM AND IMPROVE OUTCOMES, YOUR PROGRAM MUST: • OBJECTIVELY ASSESS RISK AND NEED • TARGET THE RIGHT YOUTH!

MUST!! • ASSESS FOR RISK AND NEED • TARGET HIGH RISK YOUTH • ADDRESS GREATEST CRIMINOGENIC NEEDS • UTILIZE EFFECTIVE SERVICES • COORDINATE SERVICES ACROSS SYSTEMS • ENGAGE FAMILIES AND YOUTH • SUPERVISE YOUTH IN A DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE MANNER • PRIORITIZE IMPLEMENTATION QUALITY AND EVALUATION

HOW CAN WE BEST SERVE YOUTH ASSESSED AS LOW RISK TO REOFFEND?

WHAT DOES TARGETED INTERVENTIONS MEANS? • RISK PRINCIPLE FOCUSES SUPERVISION AND SERVICES ON YOUTH MOST LIKELY TO REOFFEND. PRIORITIZE SYSTEM INTERVENTIONS FOR YOUTH AT HIGH RISK TO REOFFEND CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN RECIDIVISM. • CONVERSELY, INTERVENING WITH YOUTH WHO ARE LOW RISK TO REOFFEND HAS A LIMITED IMPACT AND CAN EVEN LEAD TO ADVERSE OUTCOMES • NEED PRINCIPLE ADDRESSES THE YOUTH’S GREATEST CRIMINOGENIC NEED. • SYSTEMS CAN HAVE THE GREATEST IMPACT ON RECIDIVISM WHEN THEY ATTEND TO SPECIFIC, INDIVIDUALIZED NEEDS THAT ARE THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF YO UTH’S DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR *RISK, NEED, AND RESPONSIVITY ARTICLE, AMERICAN PAROLE AND PROBATION ASSOCIATION, AUGUST 2013 COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENT, WHITE PAPER ON CORE PRINCIPLES FOR REDUCING RECIDIVISM AND IMPROVING OTHER OUTCOMES FOR YOUTH IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM, 2014

WHAT DOES TARGETED INTERVENTIONS MEANS? • RESPONSIVITY PRINCIPLE IDENTIFIES A YOUTH’S BARRIERS TO LEARNING AND IMPROVING HIS OR HER BEHAVIOR AND TAILOR SERVICES TO HELP OVERCOME THEM. • THE RESPONSIVITY PRINCIPLE CAN ENHANCE THE IMPACT OF SERVICES BY ADDRESSING NEEDS OR CONDITIONS, SUCH AS BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DIAGNOSIS, THAT INTERFERE WITH SERVICE ENGAGEMENT • THE DOSAGE PRINCIPLE REFERS TO HOW TO STRATEGICALLY STRUCTURE A YOUTH’S TIME AND PROVIDE THEM WITH APPROPRIATE QUANTITIES OF SERVICES *RISK, NEED, AND RESPONSIVITY ARTICLE, AMERICAN PAROLE AND PROBATION ASSOCIATION, AUGUST 2013 COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENT, WHITE PAPER ON CORE PRINCIPLES FOR REDUCING RECIDIVISM AND IMPROVING OTHER OUTCOMES FOR YOUTH IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM, 2014

MATCHING RISK OF REOFFENDING WITH SUPERVISION DECISIONS Medium Low Risk High Risk Risk Removal Probation Probation from System Residential Diversion Treatment Probation Confinement Council of State Government, White Paper on CORE PRINCIPLES FOR REDUCING RECIDIVISM AND IMPROVING OTHER OUTCOMES FOR YOUTH IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM, 2014

MATCHING RISK OF REOFFENDING WITH SUPERVISION DECISIONS • FOR THOSE YOUTH WHOSE OFFENSES ARE MINOR AND WHO SHOW LIMITED RISK FOR FUTURE OFFENDING • THE JUVENILE COURT SHOULD AVOID ANY ACTION BEYOND A WARNING • FOUND THAT DIVERSION FROM COURT IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING RECIDIVISM THAN THE TRADITIONAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. • DIVERSION WAS SUPERIOR TO COURT PROCESSING • WHETHER DIVERTED YOUTH RECEIVED ONLY A CAUTION • OR WERE REFERRED TO A COUNSELING • OR AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM • IN FACT, LOW-RISK YOUTH RECEIVING ONLY A CAUTION FARED BETTER THAN THOSE REFERRED TO A DIVERSION INTERVENTION *ARTICLE: THE EFFECT OF YOUTH DIVERSION PROGRAMS ON RECIDIVISM, A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW BY HOLLY A. WILSON OF RYERSON UNIVERSITY AND ROBERT D. HOGE OF CARLETON UNIVERSITY, SEPTEMBER 2013

PROGRAMMING OPTIONS FOR LOW RISK YOUTH • RESTORATIVE JUSTICE • VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION • COMMUNITY SERVICE • EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMING FOCUSED ON SKILL BUILDING • DECISION MAKING CLASS • VICTIM EMPATHY CLASS • ON LINE EDUCATION COURSES • MINIMIZE TIME ON DIVERSION TO INCLUDE: • MINIMAL CONTACT WITH YOUTH • FOCUSED CONDITIONS OF DIVERSION THAT RELATE TO THE HIGHEST CRIMINOGENIC AREAS.

IN CLOSING • DIVERSION IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM • PLANS FOR YOUTH SHOULD MATCH THEIR RISK LEVEL AND INCLUDE TARGET INTERVENTIONS THAT TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION: • RISK, NEED, RESPONSIVITY AND DOSAGE PRINCIPLES • LOW RISK YOUTH CAN BENEFIT FROM SCREENINGS TO DETERMINE IF AN INTERVENTION FROM A JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IS EVEN NEEDED.

QUESTIONS? THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING!