Generalized Bol-Moufang loop varieties—not just for breakfast! J.D. Phillips Northern Michigan University Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 1 / 15
The Six Instigator Identities Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 2 / 15
The Six Instigator Identities z ( y · zx ) = ( z · yz ) x Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 2 / 15
The Six Instigator Identities z ( y · zx ) = ( z · yz ) x x ( zy · z ) = ( xz · y ) z Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 2 / 15
The Six Instigator Identities z ( y · zx ) = ( z · yz ) x x ( zy · z ) = ( xz · y ) z z ( x · zy ) = ( zx · z ) y ( xz · y ) z = x ( z · yz ) ( z · xy ) z = zx · yz z ( xy · z ) = zx · yz Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 2 / 15
Commonalities Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 3 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 3 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign, and Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 3 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign, and 3. the order in which the variables appear is the same on each side of the equal sign. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 3 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign, and 3. the order in which the variables appear is the same on each side of the equal sign. Bol-Moufang type Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 3 / 15
Algebraic Setting Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 4 / 15
Algebraic Setting 60 such identities. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 4 / 15
Algebraic Setting 60 such identities. Bol-Moufang loop variety . Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 4 / 15
Algebraic Setting 60 such identities. Bol-Moufang loop variety . There are 14 such loop varieties. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 4 / 15
Algebraic Setting 60 such identities. Bol-Moufang loop variety . There are 14 such loop varieties. Ferenc Fenyves. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 4 / 15
A bit more generally Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 5 / 15
A bit more generally CML: xx · yz = xy · xz Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 5 / 15
A bit more generally CML: xx · yz = xy · xz Left Cheban: x ( xy · z ) = yx · xz Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 5 / 15
A bit more generally CML: xx · yz = xy · xz Left Cheban: x ( xy · z ) = yx · xz Right Cheban: zx · xy = ( z · yx ) x Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 5 / 15
A bit more generally CML: xx · yz = xy · xz Left Cheban: x ( xy · z ) = yx · xz Right Cheban: zx · xy = ( z · yx ) x Cheban: x ( xy · z ) = ( y · zx ) x Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 5 / 15
Commonalities Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 6 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, and 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 6 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, and 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign. Generalized Bol-Moufang type . Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 6 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, and 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign. Generalized Bol-Moufang type . 1215 such identities. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 6 / 15
Commonalities 1. contain only one operation—the loop product, and 2. exactly three distinct variables appear on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign. Generalized Bol-Moufang type . 1215 such identities. Generalized Bol-Moufang loop variety . Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 6 / 15
Mea Culpa Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 7 / 15
Mea Culpa Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 7 / 15
Varieties Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 8 / 15
Varieties Generalized Bol-Moufang type : 1. contains only one operation—the loop product, 2. exactly three distinct variables appearing on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign. 1215 such identities. Generalized Bol-Moufang loop variety. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 8 / 15
Varieties Generalized Bol-Moufang type : 1. contains only one operation—the loop product, 2. exactly three distinct variables appearing on each side of the equal sign, one appearing twice on each side of the equal sign, the other two appearing once each on each side of the equal sign. 1215 such identities. Generalized Bol-Moufang loop variety. There are 48 such varieties of loops. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 8 / 15
Winnow it Down Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
Winnow it Down Subtract the 14 B-M varieties: 34 varieties remain. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
Winnow it Down Subtract the 14 B-M varieties: 34 varieties remain. Subtract the six which are varieties of commutative loops: 28 remain. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
Winnow it Down Subtract the 14 B-M varieties: 34 varieties remain. Subtract the six which are varieties of commutative loops: 28 remain. Subtract the three Cheban varieties: 25 remain. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
Winnow it Down Subtract the 14 B-M varieties: 34 varieties remain. Subtract the six which are varieties of commutative loops: 28 remain. Subtract the three Cheban varieties: 25 remain. Subtract the one associative variety: 24 remain. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
Winnow it Down Subtract the 14 B-M varieties: 34 varieties remain. Subtract the six which are varieties of commutative loops: 28 remain. Subtract the three Cheban varieties: 25 remain. Subtract the one associative variety: 24 remain. Subtract the six that can be described using only two variables, e.g., x · yx = y · xx : 18 remain. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
Winnow it Down Subtract the 14 B-M varieties: 34 varieties remain. Subtract the six which are varieties of commutative loops: 28 remain. Subtract the three Cheban varieties: 25 remain. Subtract the one associative variety: 24 remain. Subtract the six that can be described using only two variables, e.g., x · yx = y · xx : 18 remain. Subtract the 15 varieties that have “very little” structure (e.g., flexible or alternative): 3 remain. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 9 / 15
FRUTE loops Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loops ( x · xy ) z = ( y · zx ) x Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loops ( x · xy ) z = ( y · zx ) x FRUTE loops are Moufang. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loops ( x · xy ) z = ( y · zx ) x FRUTE loops are Moufang. This variety is one of four generalized Bol-Moufang loop varieties that consist entirely of not necessarily associative, Moufang loops. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loops ( x · xy ) z = ( y · zx ) x FRUTE loops are Moufang. This variety is one of four generalized Bol-Moufang loop varieties that consist entirely of not necessarily associative, Moufang loops. (The other three are: Moufang loops, commutative Moufang loops, extra loops.) Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loops ( x · xy ) z = ( y · zx ) x FRUTE loops are Moufang. This variety is one of four generalized Bol-Moufang loop varieties that consist entirely of not necessarily associative, Moufang loops. (The other three are: Moufang loops, commutative Moufang loops, extra loops.) There are no others. Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loops ( x · xy ) z = ( y · zx ) x FRUTE loops are Moufang. This variety is one of four generalized Bol-Moufang loop varieties that consist entirely of not necessarily associative, Moufang loops. (The other three are: Moufang loops, commutative Moufang loops, extra loops.) There are no others. FRUTE loops; the final (Moufang) frontier! Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 10 / 15
FRUTE loop properties Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 11 / 15
FRUTE loop properties More properties of FRUTE loops: Loops ’19, Budapest, 11 July 2019 11 / 15
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