General Fusion Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 1
A Middle Ground? Plasma Energy Driver Power 1.00E+11 1.00E+15 NIF ITER $6B $20B GJ $ Cost of Confinement TW $ Cost of Driver 1.00E+08 1.00E+12 MJ MTF GW 1.00E+05 1.00E+09 Magnetically Confined Plasma at Extremely High Magnetic Fields kJ MW 1.00E+02 1.00E+06 1.00E+13 1.00E+16 1.00E+19 1.00E+22 1.00E+25 Plasma Density (cm -3 ) Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 2
Magnetized Target Fusion 1. Form a compact torus of plasma 2. Confine in conductive chamber 3. Compress and heat to fusion conditions 4. Repeat (pulsed system) Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 3
LINUS – Naval Research Laboratory, 1976 Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 4
General Fusion’s Acoustically Driven MTF Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 5
Practical Compressed gas driver • Uses power plant working fluid • Baseline steam, could be CO 2 or Helium • Low cost for high energy: <$0.2/J compared to >$2/J for pulsed power Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 6
Practical Thick Lead-Lithium blanket • 300 ° C inlet temperature • 550 ° C outlet temperature • 2 m 3 /s flow rate • 2 MeV+ neutron flux to structure is 5 orders of magnitude lower than ITER • 4 π coverage, n,2n Pb reaction provides tritium breeding ratio of 1.5 Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 7
Practical Plasma target • Liquid wall cannot be destroyed • Target is plasma only • Provides a pulsed system with no consumables Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 8
Research and Development Plan Technology Development Phases Commercialization Phase 1 Phase 2 Progress to Date Proof of Research and Subsystem Full Scale Principle Validation Development Prototype Full Scale Plasma Injector Financing Phases Full Scale Pistons Pb Vortex and 14 Piston Sphere VC, Strategic, Government, HNW Angels, Seed Capital Matching Simulations 2002 2004 2006 2008 Plasma Compression Tests 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 9
Plasma Injector Simulation Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 10
Plasma Injector Heritage Scale comparison of previously constructed CT accelerators With GF’s plasma injector design LLNL 1997 LLNL 1998 TdeV 1993 NRL 1993 UC Davis CTX 1998 LANL 1990 (PROPOSED) Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 11
Largest Plasma Injectors ever built Record spheromak plasma energy (~100 kJ) Plasma temperatures over 200 eV (>2.3M ° C) Density of 10 16 cm -3 Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 12
Plasma Formation Magnetic Field (T) Time (µs) Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 13
Plasma Formation Thomson Scattering Temperature vs. Time after Formation 120 100 Temperature (eV) 80 60 2013 2011 40 20 0 Magnetic Field (T) Time (µs) Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 14
Plasma Acceleration Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 15
1m sphere with 14 full size drivers 15 ton molten Pb storage 100 kg/s pumping Vortex formation and collapse Piston impact velocity (50 m/s) and timing control (±10 µs) achieved Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 16
Acoustic Driver Milestones Met Piston Impact Timing Control Piston Impact Velocity (5 sequential shots) 60 60 Performance Requirement 50 50 40 40 μ s 30 m/s 30 20 20 10 10 Performance Requirement 0 0 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 HP1 HP3 HP1 HP3 Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 17
Fusion Technologies Plasma Energy Driver Power 1.00E+11 1.00E+15 NIF ITER $6B $20B GJ $ Cost of Confinement TW $ Cost of Driver 1.00E+08 1.00E+12 GF $150M MJ GW 1.00E+05 1.00E+09 kJ MW 1.00E+02 1.00E+06 1.00E+13 1.00E+16 1.00E+19 1.00E+22 1.00E+25 Plasma Density (cm -3 ) Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 18
Economics • Baseline 100 MWe power plant – 100 MWe modular plant is easier to fund Energy Cycle – Flexible with existing transmission infrastructure • Capital cost of plant: ~$1,900/kW 100 MW Output • Generation cost: ~$0.03/kWh – Fuel only $0.00001/kWh Convert to – Uses deuterium (18 kg/yr) & lithium (60 kg/yr) Electricity (33% • Levelized cost: ~$0.07/kWh efficient) • Balance of plant similar to coal generation • Reactors can be combined for larger output Convert to Mechanical Energy (33% efficient) • Variable output suitable for load following Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 19
Magnetized Target Fusion 1. It can work 2. It can be tested quickly, at full scale, for reasonable $ 3. It’s a practical route to a power plant 4. Its commercial system size and economics are attractive Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 20
Clean energy. Everywhere. Forever. Michael Delage VP Strategy and Corporate Development michael.delage@generalfusion.com Canadian Workshop on Fusion Energy Science & Technology - 2013 21 604-439-3003
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