General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems Group (GA-EMS) 13 April 2016 Treatment of Flame Retarded Materials Using Supercritical Water Presented to: Green Science Policy Institute Presented by: Louie Wong WARNING - This document contains technical data, export of which is restricted by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Disclosure to foreign persons without prior U.S. Government approval is prohibited. Violations of these export laws and regulations are subject to severe civil and criminal penalties. NOTICE PROPRIETARY INFORMATION – This document is the property of General Atomics. The information contained herein is submitted in confidence. It contains trade secrets or confidential commercial or financial information exempt from disclosure by 5 U.S.C. Section 552(B)(3) and (4) (Freedom of Information Act), and 18 U.S.C. Section 1905 (Trade Secrets Act). Except with the written consent of General Atomics (1) this document may not be copied in whole or in part and will be returned upon request or when no longer needed by recipient and (2) information contained herein may not be communicated to others and may be used by recipient only for the purpose for which it was transmitted. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. 1 General Atomics Proprietary Information General Atomics Proprietary Information
What is Supercritical Water? 5000 4500 SUPERCRITICAL Typical SCWO WATER 4000 Operating Conditions of 3200 3500 psig, 1200°F (234 Pressure (psia) 3206 psia bar, 650°C) (221 bar) 3000 2500 2000 Steam Liquid Water 1500 1000 705°F (374°C) 500 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Temperature (°C) Supercritical water is water that is heated and pressurized above its thermodynamic critical point of 374°C & 3206 psia. We operate at 650°C to ensure complete oxidation of wastes. 2 General Atomics Proprietary Information
SCW Properties H 2 O critical temperature 1.0 Density, kg/L 0.5 0 100 Gas and hydrocarbon solubility, wt% (oxygen shown) 50 0 50 Salt solubility, wt% (NaCl shown) 25 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 TEMPERATURE, °C PRESSURE = 250 bar (3626 psig) 3 General Atomics Proprietary Information
iSCWO Offers Significant Treatment Advantages • Efficient waste destruction at 3200psig and 650 0 C to 700 0 C • Can treat concentrated to very dilute liquid wastes • Very rapid, thorough destruction of organics; therefore, no Pollution Abatement System (PAS) required in most cases • Effluents containing very low nitrogen oxide (NO X ), sulfur oxide (SO X ), and total organic carbon (TOC) content • Low excess air requirement • Destruction efficiency of TOC >99.99% (non-detect) These attributes have been proven during numerous test programs with a wide range of feeds, including actual chemical agent, energetics, energetic hydrolysates and numerous industrial chemicals 4 General Atomics Proprietary Information
Perfect for Onsite Waste Processing • Processing equipment requires small footprint • Air is utilized for oxidant instead of liquid oxygen • Solid materials can be ground and slurried for iSCWO processing • No airborne particulates generated in the gas effluent • No afterburner or complex secondary processing equipment • Simple control system means minimal manpower required for treatment of hazardous materials 5 General Atomics Proprietary Information
iSCWO Process Flow 6 General Atomics Proprietary Information
SCWO Provides Efficient and Effective Organic Destruction Type pe of of Emis missions ions SCWO O Inher nherent ent in Effluent in luent Gas Gas Per erfor ormance mance Stream eam (no no gas gas cleanup) leanup) Dioxins/difurans, ng/ < 0.006 DSCM (TEQ) Particulate Matter, < 4 mg/DSCM Toxic Metals, mg/ < 0.015 for Cd+Pb DSCM < 0.015 for Sb+As+Be+Cr TOC DRE, % > 99.9999 HCl, ppmv < 0.4 NOx, ppm < 1 CO, ppm < 10 Hydrocarbons, ppm < 10 MOST CASES NO POLLUTION ABATEMENT SYSTEM (PAS) REQUIRED 7 General Atomics Proprietary Information
Use of SCWO/ i SCWO in an Industrial Environment iSCWO is excellent for the destruction of: • Expired or obsolete pesticides, fertilizers, and fungicides • Contaminated water (waste water cleanup) • Expired or obsolete paints • Petroleum and/or petrochemical waste streams • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) • Organic cleaning solutions • Sewage sludge/animal waste products • Energetic material (explosives or propellant) • Unique material not suitable for normal transportation or disposal 8 General Atomics Proprietary Information
SCWO Influents and Effluents 9 General Atomics Proprietary Information
iSCWO Treatment of Organobromines • Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA): C 15 H 12 Br 4 O 2 + 16O 2 = 4HBr + 15CO 2 + 4H 2 O 4(HBr + NaOH = H 2 O + NaBr) • Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD): C 12 H 18 Br 6 + 15O 2 = 6HBr + 12CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6(HBr + NaOH = H 2 O + NaBr) • Pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE): C 12 H 5 Br 5 O + 𝟑𝟒 𝟑𝟒 / 𝟑 O 2 = 5HBr + 12CO 2 10(HBr + NaOH = H 2 O + NaBr) Organobromines can be tested at our demonstration facility to confirm reaction products in the gas/liquid effluents 10 General Atomics Proprietary Information
GA iSCWO Demonstration System Dedicated iSCWO test facility can be utilized to test simulant waste streams to gather emissions and destruction efficiency data 11 General Atomics Proprietary Information
Modular iSCWO Systems 3 GPM iSCWO skid 3 GPM transportable iSCWO system Modular design allows for rapid setup and start of process operations 12 General Atomics Proprietary Information
Conclusion • Efficient waste processing at 650°C and 3200 psig • iSCWO is an excellent waste destruction process suitable for onsite treatment of organic wastes at affordable cost • No PAS necessary to meet environmental regulations • iSCWO is fully capable of treating a wide range of pumpable hazardous wastes including organobromine compounds (testing is recommended) • GA has 25 years experience with SCWO systems and research • GA provides testing capability and effluent analysis 13 General Atomics Proprietary Information
Contact Information Louie Wong Project Manager, Industrial Supercritical Water Oxidation Systems General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems Group 1 858 964 6870 (office) 1 619 370 6050 (cellular) Louie.Wong@ga.com John Follin Program Manager, Industrial Supercritical Water Oxidation Systems General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems Group 1 858 964 6805 John.Follin@ga.com 14 General Atomics Proprietary Information
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