Food Analysis & Quality In the production of processed foods, - PDF document

2/9/2014 FAQC- Syllabus- RATIONALE Food Analysis & Quality  In the production of processed foods, one of the important aspects is to assure quality. Control This subject is introduced in the curriculum to impart knowledge and skills in the students related to various food quality parameters/systems, techniques of food Vedpal Yadav analysis, food laws and standards 1 2 FAQC- Syllabus-Theory FAQC- Syllabus-Theory 1. Introduction (4 hrs) 3. Sampling (6 hrs) Concept, objectives and need of quality, quality Definition of sampling, purpose, sampling control and quality assurance techniques requirements and sampling procedures for liquid, powdered and granular 2. Principles and functions of quality control, materials quality attributes - qualitative, hidden and sensory, plan and methods of quality control 4. Physicochemical and mechanical properties (10 hrs) (10 hrs) Colour, gloss, flavour, consistency, viscosity, texture and their relationship with food quality 3 4 FAQC- Syllabus-Theory FAQC- Syllabus-Theory 5. Sensory quality control (12 hrs) 6. Food Laws and Regulations in India (8 hrs) Definition, objectives, panel selection and their Objectives, requirements and benefits of food training, subjective and objective methods, grades and standards (BIS, AGMARK, PFA, interpretation of sensory results in statistical FPO, CAC (Codex Alimantarious quality control, TQM and TQC, consumer Commission) preferences and acceptance 7. General Hygiene and Sanitation in food industry (4 hrs) 5 6 1

2/9/2014 FAQC- Syllabus-Theory FAQC- Syllabus-Practical 8. GMP, HACCP (Hazard analysis and critical 1. Proximate analysis of marketed food control point) and ISO 9000 Series – products Objectives and principles (6 hrs) 2. Detection of adulteration in food products viz. 9. Layout of quality evaluation and control milk, ghee, honey, spices, pulses, oils, laboratories (4 hrs) sweets etc. 3. Detection of non-permitted food additives in market food samples, sweets and savory products 4. Cut-out analysis of canned food 7 8 FAQC- Syllabus-Practical FAQC- Syllabus-Practical 5. Test of sensory evaluation 9. Laboratory preparation of food products and a) Hedonic scale their sensory analysis b) Duo-trio test 10. Determination of insecticides residue in c) Ranking difference given food sample d) Triangle test 11. Visits to the quality control laboratories of 6. Detection of basic tastes and their threshold the food industry, educational institutions and values testing centres 7. Consumer acceptability trial 8. Statistical analysis of sensory data 9 10 Food Analysis Food Analysis  Proximate analysis of major components  What do we mean by “food analysis”?  fat, moisture, protein  Minor nutrients  How do we approach the analysis of  vitamins, minerals, etc. foods?  Trace components  preservatives, flavours, colours  Contaminants  pesticide residues, aflatoxins, heavy metals 11 12 2

2/9/2014 Food Analysis Levels of Food Components  Detailed compositional analysis  Major components > 10%  protein composition  Minor nutrients 1% - 0.01%  amino acid composition  lipids (fatty acids and triglycerides)  Preservatives 100 - 500 ppm  sugar composition 1 - 10 -6 ppm  Flavours  Contaminants  pesticide residues < 1 ppm 10 -3 ppm  aflatoxins 13 14 Why instrumental analysis? Selection Criteria  Precision and accuracy  Demand for more detailed analyses at lower  objective vs. subjective measurements levels  variability  Need for precision and accuracy  specificity  Public concern about quality of environment  validity against existing methods  Speed of analysis and food  analytical time and operator time  regulatory bodies must monitor large range of  preparation of sample for analysis materials  Cost  river water - processed foods  consumables, equipment, staff  Medical diagnosis  Safety  detection and quantification in biological fluids  Automation 15 16  Cost! Analytical Approach Food Analysis & Quality Control Food Sampling  Analysis of foods and their components Representative Sample  Principles and application of instrumental Extraction analysis Extract Clean-up  chromatography Cleaned Extract  electrophoresis Separation  UV-visible, fluorescence and atomic absorption Components of Interest spectrophotometry  Practical classes to illustrate the use of Identification of Components instrumental methods for food analysis Quantification of Individual Components  Selected topics related to food ingredients, additives and contaminants 17 18 3

2/9/2014 Food Analysis Separation Techniques in Food Analysis  Proximate analysis of major components  What do we mean by “food analysis”?  fat, moisture, protein  Minor nutrients  How do we approach the analysis of  vitamins, minerals, etc. foods?  Trace components  What techniques are available?  preservatives, flavours, colours  separation techniques  Contaminants  non-separation techniques  pesticide residues, aflatoxins, heavy metals 19 20 Food Analysis Levels of Food Components  Detailed compositional analysis  Major components > 10%  protein composition  Minor nutrients 1% - 0.01%  amino acid composition  Preservatives 100 - 500 ppm  lipids (fatty acids and triglycerides)  sugar composition 1 - 10 -6 ppm  Flavours  Contaminants  pesticide residues < 1 ppm 10 -3 ppm  aflatoxins 21 22 Why instrumental analysis? Selection Criteria  Precision and accuracy  Demand for more detailed analyses at lower  objective vs. subjective measurements levels  variability  Need for precision and accuracy  specificity  validity against existing methods  Public concern about quality of environment  Speed of analysis and food  analytical time and operator time  regulatory bodies must monitor large range of  preparation of sample for analysis materials  Cost  river water - processed foods  consumables, equipment, staff  Medical diagnosis  Safety  detection and quantification in biological fluids  Automation 23 24  Cost! 4

2/9/2014 Analytical Approach Quality Food It is the combination of attributes or Sampling characteristics of a product that have Representative Sample Extraction significance in determining the degree of Extract acceptability of the product to a user (USDA Clean-up Marketing Workshop Report, 1951). Cleaned Extract Separation Components of Interest Identification of Components Quantification of Individual Components 25 26 Quality Quality Quality can be defined as a measure of purity, strength, flavor,   People go through a process of inspection to color, size, workmanship, and condition, and or any other assure that the " Quality " of what they are distinctive attribute or characteristic of the product (Gould and Gould, 1988). purchasing meets their definition of quality Quality must be defined in terms of some standard/specification,  (measures up to their standards). or it means very little. Quality = finest product available. Conformance to   The buyer or consumer gets the satisfaction design/expectations. Quality is the degree of excellence and uniformity of a food as for having paid the correct competitive price  measured by various factors/attributes/ characteristics against a for the similar quality. standard. Quality has different meanings to different people.  27 28 Quality Quality  The manufacturers and their manufacturing  In the absence of detailed methodology the personnel also need to know the precise reproducibility of the results suffers. quality of the raw materials they are  Consequently there is an absolute need of food analysts at starting with, the quality of the intermediates  operative and supervisory-level, formed so that through corrective steps the  food manufacturers final product of the desired quality is  processing technologists, obtained.  advocates and j  udges handling court cases about quality disputes,  students of analytical chemistry and food technology. 29 30 5