Flow A Special Case of A Special Case of Intrinsic Motivation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Flow A Special Case of A Special Case of Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation Flow: A holistic, intrinsically motivating sensation people feel when they are totally involved in an activity or are on “automatic pilot.”

The Flow Model Essential elements of flow Balance of skill and challenge Complete absorption in the activity Merging of action and awareness Total concentration (continued)

The Flow Model Essential elements of flow Loss of self-consciousness A sense of control No goals or rewards external to the activity Effortless movement

Controllability of Flow States Although athletes cannot control flow, they can still increase the probability of its occurring.

The Flow Model

Flow: How to Achieve It Be motivated to perform (maintain a balance between goals and skills). Achieve optimal arousal before performing. Maintain an appropriate focus (stay in the present, focus on key points). (continued)

Flow: How to Achieve It Use precompetitive and competitive plans and preparation. Achieve optimal physical preparation and readiness. Experience optimal environmental and situational conditions. (continued)

Flow: How to Achieve It Exhibit confidence and positive mental attitude. Have positive team interaction (positive play and shared purposes). Feel good about performance.

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Non-optimal physical preparation and readiness Injury Fatigue Not feeling good physically

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Non-optimal environmental or situational conditions External stresses Unwanted crowd response Uncontrollable influences of the event

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Lacking confidence or a negative mental state Negative thinking Self-doubt No control of mental state

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Inappropriate focus Thinking too much Worrying about what others are doing Frustration with teammates’ effort

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Problem with precompetitive preparation Poor precompetitive preparation Distraction before competition Interruption to precompetitive preparation

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Lacking motivation to perform No goals Lack of challenge Low arousal or motivation

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Non-optimal arousal level before competition Not being relaxed Feeling too relaxed

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Negative team play and interactions Team not performing well Not feeling part of the team Negative talk within the team

Factors That Prevent Flow From Occurring Performance going poorly Unforced errors Poor technique Things not going as planned

Factors That Disrupt Flow Non-optimal environmental and situational influences Stoppage in play What opposition is doing Negative refereeing decisions Inappropriate, negative, or no feedback

Factors That Disrupt Flow Problems with physical readiness or physical state Lack of physical preparation Injury during the competition Fatigue

Factors That Disrupt Flow Problems with team performance or interactions Negative talk on the field Team not playing well Lack of team interactions

Factors That Disrupt Flow Inappropriate focus Worrying about competitor’s ability Daydreaming Loss of concentration

Factors That Disrupt Flow Doubting or putting pressure on self Self-doubt Putting pressure on self