Flavor Violation and Electroweak Baryogenesis Jing Shu (arXiv:1609.09849) ITP-CAS Oct 27, 2017 Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 1 / 42
The Matter/Energy Budget of our Universe
Cosmological Parameters from Planck Planck 2015 Fit of the base Λ CDM at 68% CL, arxiv:1502.01582v2 Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 3 / 42
Big Bang NucleoSynthesis PDG 2015, Rev.Mod.Phys,88,015004 Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 5 / 42
Baryon Asymmetry A very tiny imbalance ⌘ = n B ⇠ 10 � 10 ! Baryogenesis n � Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 6 / 42
Sakharov Conditions for Baryogenesis, 1967 ⌃ B Violation (Electroweak Sphalerons) ⌃ C, CP Violation ⌃ Out of equilibrium (Expansion of Universe, First-Order Phase Transition) Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 8 / 42
Mechanisms of Baryogenesis ⌃ GUT Baryogenesis ( ⇠ 10 16 GeV) ⌃ A ffl eck-Dine mechanism ⌃ Modified Cosmology Model ⌃ Baryogenesis via Leptogenesis ⌃ Spontaneous Baryogenesis ⌃ Electroweak Baryogenesis ( ⇠ 100GeV) Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 9 / 42
Electroweak Baryogenesis: An Application A lepton-flavored Electroweak Baryogenesis scenario (arxiv:1609.09849) CP nature of the Higgs boson Flavor nature of the Higgs boson EDM 25 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
h ! τ µ Phys.Lett.B07,053 arXiv:1508.03372 ⇢ < 1 . 85% ATLAS 2015 Br( h ! ⌧ µ ) = 0 . 84 +0 . 39 < 1 . 51% CMS 2015 , Best Fit � 0 . 37 26 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
LFV ! New Physics ! CPV ? New physics from an extended Leptonic Yukawa sector ? Also need CP-violation for baryogenesis Two Higgs Doublet Model A SM Limit Exists 27 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Potentials Convential Form: A di ff erent form: 28 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Types of 2HDM The Four types of 2HDM with no LFV. Phys.Rept.2012.02.002 To have LFV ! Couple e i R to both doublets 29 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
CPV - Invariant How to properly define a CPV source Jarlskog-like Invariant 30 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
CPV in SM: the CKM Matrix Rephasing Invariant Quantities: | V ij | 2 V ↵ i V � j V ⇤ ↵ j V ⇤ � i ! Imaginary Part corresponds to CPV 31 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 2: CPV in SM: Jarlskog Invariant 1.5 excluded at CL > 0.95 excluded area has CL > 0.95 γ 1.0 ∆ m & ∆ m d s sin 2 β 0.5 ∆ m d ε α K γ β η 0.0 α V α ub -0.5 ε -1.0 K γ sol. w/ cos 2 β < 0 (excl. at CL > 0.95) -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 ρ Fig. 12.2, PDG, 2014 J = c 1 s 2 1 c 2 s 2 c 3 s 3 sin � = 3 . 06 +0 . 21 � 0 . 20 ⇥ 10 � 5 J 0 = det[ m 2 u , m 2 d ] (100GeV) 12 ⇠ 10 � 20 Not large enough! ) New Physics 15 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
CPV Invariant in SM Rephasing Invariants CKM Unitarity Q ↵ i � j = V ↵ i V � j V ⇤ ↵ j V ⇤ � i . ↵ 6 = � , i 6 = j, = ) J ⌘ Im Q 1122 Jarlskog, Dunietz, Greenberg, Wu 1985. det[ M U , M D ] = 2 i ( m t � m u )( m t � m c )( m c � m u )( m b � m d )( m b � m s )( m s � m d ) J Branco, Lavoura, Silva, 1999. ( H f ⌘ M f M † f ) tr([ H U , H D ] 3 ) = 6 i ( m 2 t � m 2 u )( m 2 t � m 2 c )( m 2 c � m 2 u )( m 2 b � m 2 d )( m 2 b � m 2 s )( m 2 s � m 2 d ) J 32 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Symmetries in Type III 2HDM v 2 400 e 0 i R = U ( e R ) ij e j R , E , Y 2 E 200 Y 1 L = U ( E L ) ij E j E 0 i L , 400 v 1 � 400 � 200 200 Φ 0 i = U ( Φ ) ij Φ j � 200 � 400 33 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
The CPV Flow Botella, Silva, 1995 2 X X 1 ( Y E c ) ij ( Y E † v a v ⇤ J E = b µ bc ) ji a v 2 µ HB 12 a,b,c =1 ij = ⌧ ,µ 8 Gauge Basis: � Y E 2 , ⌧ µ Im Y E ) Baryon Asymmetry > > 2 , ⌧ µ < Im J E = > > : 2 m ⌧ Im N E ⌧⌧ /v 2 Mass Basis: ) CP-violating h ¯ ⌧⌧ 34 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Transport Equations Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 2 / 3
Phenomenological Implications h ! ⌧ ± µ ⌥ ⌧ ! µ � EDM Higgs signal strength h ! ¯ ⌧⌧ 35 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
EDM, MDM and τ ! µ γ Br( ⌧ ! µ � ) < 4 . 4 ⇥ 10 � 8 90C.L., BaBar, PhysRevLett.104.021802 Two Loop: γ γ γ t/b, µ/ ν τ , t, W ± /G ± , H ± τ τ W ± /G ± , H ± . A 0 A 0 τ γ /Z γ /Z , , H H ± W ± H , , h h f 0 f f f 0 f f 0 f f ν f One Loop: No CPV from h ⌧ µ : N E ⌧ µ N E µ ⌧ = 0 36 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
EDM γ � � � � d e � � � ⇡ 1 . 87 ⇥ 10 � 29 | Im y ⌧ | τ τ � e A 0 τ γ /Z , H , h f 0 f f � � � � d e � � � < 8 . 7 ⇥ 10 � 29 e · cm ACME 2014: � e | Im y ⌧ | < 4 . 66 ! CPV is less constrained 37 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
h ! ττ JHEP1405,104 JHEP1504,117 ⇢ 1 . 43 +0 . 43 ATLAS 2015 � 0 . 37 µ ⌧⌧ = 0 . 78 ± 0 . 27 CMS 2014 38 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
A CP-violating h ¯ ττ � m f v ⌧ (cos � ⌧ ¯ ⌧⌧ + sin � ⌧ ¯ ⌧ i � 5 ⌧ ) h Sensitivities: LHC (PhysRevD.92.096012(2015)) 150fb � 1 500fb � 1 3ab � 1 15 � 9 � 4 � Higgs factories: ⇡ 4 . 4 � at 250GeV with 1ab � 1 PhysRevD.88.076009(2013). 39 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
�� ���� �� Physical Implications of the Lepton-Flavored EWBG r 32 = 0.9 r 32 = 1.1 | y � |= 1 ± 0.1 0.4 0 % 0 % 0.5 % 14 ° 0.2 0.5 % 1 % 11 ° 1 % Im ( y � ) 4 ° 1.43 % 0.0 1.41 % - 4 ° - 11 ° - 14 ° - 0.2 - 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Re ( y � ) 40 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Summary and Outlook ⌃ Mechanisms of Electroweak Baryogenesis is discussed. ⌃ A Lepton flavored scenario is studied. CP-violating h ¯ ⌧⌧ is expected from EWBG and can be probed at colliders. This is correlated with discovery of h ⌧ ± µ ⌥ . ⌃ More dedicated work on this subject can be interesting and important. 41 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Thanks 42 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Parameters Planck 2015, arxiv:1502.02114 Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 1 / 3
Approximations ⌃ Local chemical equilibrium. ⌃ Neglect weak sphaleron interactions in transport equations. ⌃ Local Baryon number conservation. ⌃ Weak interactions are in thermal equilibrium. ⌃ Chemical equilibrium for strong sphaleron interactions. Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 3 / 3
Outline ⌃ Mechanisms of Electroweak Baryogenesis ⌃ Why going beyond the SM ? ⌃ Example: Lepton-Flavored Electroweak Baryogenesis ⌃ Gravitational Waves from Electroweak Phase Transition 10 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 1: The Anomalous Baryonic Current Anomalies: ( ⇡ 0 ! �� ) Adler, 1969; Bell and Jackiw 1969; Fujikawa 1979.) B L + L L = n f g 2 @ µ J µ 32 ⇡ 2 ✏ ↵��� W ↵� a W �� a Z t f Z � g 2 32 ⇡ 2 W µ ⌫ f d 3 x W aµ ⌫ B ( t f ) � B ( t i ) = n f t i ∆ B = n f [ N CS ( t f ) � N CS ( t i )] 11 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 1: The n-Vacua and Sphalerons � 8 π 2 g 2 ⇡ 10 � 173 Instanton(’t Hooft 1976) mediated tunnelling rate: e Saddle point solution, Sphalerons (Manton, 1983). Sphaleron Energy: E = (1 . 6 ⇠ 2 . 7) ⇥ 4 ⇡ v g Rate unsuppressed at high T 12 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 1: Sphaleron Rate in SM -10 pure gauge -15 -20 -25 4 log Γ / Τ -30 standard multicanonical fit perturbative -35 log[ α H(T)/T] -40 -45 130 140 150 160 170 T / GeV Lattice result, T C = (159 . 5 ± 1 . 5)GeV , Phys.Rev.Lett,113, 141602 (2014). Γ brok ⇠ T 4 exp( � E sph Γ sym ⇡ 6 ⇥ (18 ± 3) ↵ 5 W T 4 , ) T 13 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 2: CPV in SM: the CKM Matrix 14 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 2: CPV: Electric Dipole Moments J. Engel et al. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 71 (2013) 2174 16 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 2: CPV: EDM Experimental Status J. Engel et al. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 71 (2013) 2174 17 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
� Condition 3: Electroweak Phase Transition V T > T c T = T c T < T c Strongly first order EWPT. Bubble Nucleation Bubble Expansion Bubble Percolation 18 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 3: EWPT: E ff ective Potential X X T 4 J B ( M 2 J B ( µ 2 V T e ff ( � ) = V T =0 ( � ) + 2 ⇡ 2 [ T 2 ) + 3 T 2 ) e ff gauge scalars X X m 2 J B ( ⇠ µ 2 f n f � T 2 ) � 4 C J F ( T 2 )] . gauge fermions ? ⇠ : gauge-fixing parameter 19 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
� Condition 3: EWPT: Analytical Treatment 0 ) � 2 � ET � 3 + � ( T ) V ( � , T ) = D ( T 2 � T 2 � 4 , 4 V + � 4 + � 2 - � 3 ⇠ -independent 20 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Condition 3: Incapability of first order EWPT in SM Morrissey, Ramsey-Musolf, New Journal of Physics, 14,125003(2012) m H = 125 . 09 ± 0 . 21 ± 0 . 11GeV ! New Physics 21 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Electroweak Baryogenesis: The Picture T ⇡ 100GeV ⇡ 10 15 K Gravitational Waves (mHz level), LISA, Taiji, TianQin, DECIGO 22 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
Di ff usion Di ff usion enhances baryon asymmetry generation. (Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson, Phys.Lett.B336(1994)41) Non-Local vs Local Closed-Time-Path(CTP) Formalism (Riotto, PRD58 (1998) 095009, Lee, Cirigliano, Ramsey-Musolf,PRD71,075010(2005)) Resonant Enhancement 23 / Jing Shu | Oct 27, 2017 42
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