Fisheries Relevant Resources Resource Resource Development - PDF document

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 NATURAL ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Community Policy and Resource Planning Management Fisheries Relevant Resources Resource Resource Development Research Habitat External Environment External (and Coasts) Forces External Forces (eg. government (eg. climate change) downsizing) HUMAN SYSTEM Resource Users as Systems User Resource 1 2 Groups Technology P Community P = processing C D D = distribution Processing & Marketing M = market 3 (4) W = wholesale R M R = retail C = consumers Households W Socioeconomic (1) User conflicts Environment (2) Technological conflicts External Forces (3) Community economics (eg. macroeconomic policies) and social interactions (4) Marketing channels Anthony Charles Saint Mary’s University, Halifax Canada AnthonyCharles.ca (I) Fisheries as Systems at Multiple Scales AnthonyCharles.ca 1

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Fish Fleet Harvest Market AnthonyCharles.ca AnthonyCharles.ca 2

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Fishery Systems AnthonyCharles.ca A Systems Approach Fishery System A Systems Approach: • Incorporates the approach of Fish Stock Fishers Ecosystem-Based Management • Adds human dimensions Broaden the Broaden the Perspective Perspective • Incorporates a ‘bigger picture’ around fish and fishers, which Ecosystem Livelihoods combines both ecosystem- and Approach Approach human-centred thinking… AnthonyCharles.ca 3

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 AnthonyCharles.ca MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NATURAL ECOSYSTEM Community Policy and Resource Planning Management Relevant Resources Resource Resource Development Research Habitat External Environment External Forces External Forces (eg. government (eg. climate change) downsizing) HUMAN SYSTEM Resource Users Adapted from A. Charles, User Resource 1 2 Groups Technology Sustainable Fishery Systems , Blackwell Science, Oxford UK (2001). P Community P = processing C D D = distribution Processing & Marketing M = market 3 W = wholesale (4) R M R = retail C = consumers Households W Socioeconomic (1) User conflicts Environment (2) Technological conflicts External Forces (3) Community economics (eg. macroeconomic policies) and social interactions (4) Marketing channels AnthonyCharles.ca 4

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Source: Garcia et al. (2003) AnthonyCharles.ca AnthonyCharles.ca 5

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Complex Adaptive System System Models Mental models Scenarios Perceptions Options Expectations Values, Facts, Data Knowledge Analytical Validation Participatory process process Integrated model & Experts Stakeholders Assessment Communication Science community Public / Stakeholders Advice Issues Regulations Goals Policy makers by Serge Garcia AnthonyCharles.ca Multi-Sectoral Systems Tourism Fishing HUMAN SYSTEM Shipping Agriculture CARIBBEAN MARINE SES Reeffish Coral reef COASTAL RESOURCE Mangrove Sea grass SYSTEM AnthonyCharles.ca ( with P. McConney, UWI Barbados ) 6

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Scale Daily In-Season Annual Multi-Year Long Term Time Scale Operational Tactical Strategic Management Management Management Local Catch Setting Management Objectives Openings Monitoring TAC Portfolio and Policy Spatial Scale Fishing Multiple Ecosystem Ground Ecosystems Local Large-scale Fishing Management National Multiple Community Region Jurisdiction Nations AnthonyCharles.ca Organizational Scales AnthonyCharles.ca 7

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Northwest Atlantic Gulf of Maine Gulf of Maine Bay of Fundy 8

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Bay of Fundy Annapolis Basin Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia 9

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia Agricultural Run-off Tidal power Clam Harvest Fish Farms Sewage Spills Stream Restoration (II) Ingredients of a Systems Approach AnthonyCharles.ca 10

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Resilience Adaptation Well ‐ Being Climate Change Livelihoods Level & Scale A Systems Governance Communities Perspective AnthonyCharles.ca 1. Values Valuing community Building consensus Food security AnthonyCharles.ca 11

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 2. Objectives 3. Pillars of Sustainability Ecological Sustainability Institutional Sustainability Social Economic Sustainability Sustainability AnthonyCharles.ca 12

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 4. System Drivers • Technological Change • Climate Change • Urbanization • Demand Shifts • Globalization of Markets • Evolving Governance AnthonyCharles.ca 5. Governance AnthonyCharles.ca 13

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 5a. Participation Government Participation The Triangle of Co-Management Community Fisher Participation Participation AnthonyCharles.ca 5b. Some Ingredients of Good Governance 1. Get the Rights Right 2. Support Local Communities 3. Deal with Equity & Power Issues 4. See the the Bigger Picture Charles, A. and L. Wilson (2009) Human dimensions of Marine Protected Areas. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 6-15. AnthonyCharles.ca 14

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 6. Coping with Uncertainty Illusion of Certainty Fallacy of Controllability The solution is Robust Management which seeks ‘reasonable’ success in meeting fishery objectives, even when faced with: – faulty understanding of the fishery system; – highly imperfect capability to control resource use. AnthonyCharles.ca Approaches for Robust Management • Incorporate a precautionary approach within policy • Mutually-reinforcing management ‘portfolio’ • Mechanisms to facilitate adaptation/learning • Use all sources of knowledge • Promote local management and stewardship • Self-regulatory institutions, appropriate use rights • Diversity: Multiple species, multiple livelihoods AnthonyCharles.ca 15

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 7. Monitoring Integrated Indicator M E A S U R I N G S U S T A I N A B L E D E V E L O P M E N T A P PL I C AT I O N O F T H E G E N U I N E PR O G R E S S I N D E X T O N O V A S C O T I A Frameworks – Ecological Indicators T HE N OVA S COTIA GPI F ISHERIES & M ARINE E NVIRONMENT – Social Indicators A CCOUNTS – Economic Indicators A P RELIMINARY S ET OF E COLOGICAL , – Community Indicators S OCIOECONOMIC AND I NSTITUTIONAL – Institutional Indicators I NDICATORS FOR N OVA S COTIA ’ S F ISHERIES AND M ARINE E NVIRONMENT Prepared by: Anthony Charles Heather Boyd Amanda Lavers Cheryl Benjamin AnthonyCharles.ca A Broad Range of Indicators Economic Social Total Landed Value Employment Total Processed Value Equity Fishery Gross Domestic Product Community well-being Value of Fishery Exports Diversity of employment Profit per Fisher Return on Investment Institutional Depreciation in Natural Capital Acceptability of governance Robustness of management Value of Ecosystem Services Management portfolio Diversity of Employment Sources Participation in decision-making Economic Diversity Effectiveness of incentives Debt Levels of Fishers AnthonyCharles.ca 16

Workshop on Social Simulation of Fisheries and Coastal Management June 6 ‐ 7 2016 Novel Indicators Mean trophic level Age distribution of fishers in fishery, 1972 – 2007 in Nova Scotia, 1931–2006 (weighted by landed weight) (in three age classes) 3.8 55.2 60.0 52.1 3.7 51.4 49.8 3.6 3.63.6 48.2 3.6 45.7 44.4 3.6 50.0 43.2 43.4 3.53.5 3.53.5 42.0 3.53.5 3.43.43.4 3.4 3.4 36.1 35.9 3.4 3.3 40.0 33.5 3.4 32.5 Mean Trophic Level 31.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 27.3 26.2 26.1 3.4 3.2 25.5 30.0 22.9 22.7 3.2 3.33.33.2 22.1 21.7 3.3 3.1 20.8 20.8 3.2 3.2 3.13.0 3.13.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.23.1 3.23.2 3.23.1 3.0 20.0 3.13.1 3.1 3.1 10.9 3.0 2.92.92.9 3.1 3.0 2.92.92.92.82.9 8.9 3.03.0 3.0 3.03.0 10.0 2.9 2.8 2.92.92.9 2.82.82.82.82.8 0.0 1931 1941 1951 1971 1981 1986 1991 2001 2006 2.6 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year Year 15-24 25-44 45-64 Total Landings Excluding Cod AnthonyCharles.ca (III) Local Fishery/Coastal Systems AnthonyCharles.ca 17