FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Turbine requirements for low head tidal - PDF document

9/23/2013 Low Head Fish Friendly Turbine Design for Static and Dynamic Tidal Power September 2013 FLOW TECHNOLOGIES – FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Turbine requirements for low head tidal power • Bi-directional operation • High efficiency at head differences ranging from 0.2 – 3 [m] • Minimal impact on marine life (fish, eel) • Minimal impact of marine environment (corrosion, fouling) • High energy production • Low manufacturing cost (modular design) • Low operational cost (maintenance) • High ratio of yield versus cost for the system 2 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE 1

9/23/2013 FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Fish collision model [ ] 3 n L ( ) 2 ≈ 1 − − ω sin( δ ) [ − ] p b e 4 Q o 3 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Example prediction fish mortality 4 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE 2

9/23/2013 FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES First prototype developed by Pentair - Nijhuis Fish-friendly (patented) turbine 5 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Mortality rates eels Turbine, Turbine, Group Control guide vane 30° guide vane open Trial order 3 5 2 4 1 6 N eels recovered after 73 63 79 70 80 93 trial Fraction wild caught 0.64 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.70 0.71 eel Mean length [cm] 42.0 40.7 40.6 40.3 41.3 42.8 Length range (cm) 32-75 31-64 31-76 28-60 31-75 31-84 Direct mortality % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % Normal swimming % * 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Mortality after 96 h % 1.5 % 0 % 1.2 % 6 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE 3

9/23/2013 FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Measured performance prototype 7 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Scale model ultra-low head tidal turbine Design Properties: - Diameter = 0.5 [m] - Head = 1 ± 0.75 [m] - Flow = 1.40 ± 0.8 [m³/s] - Speed = 300 ± 100 [rpm] - Blade angles – fixed - Rotor pitch - ± 180 [degrees] PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE 4

9/23/2013 FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Bi-directional rotor design 9 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Expected performance prototype 2 , / 2 H ∝ Q ⇒ H Q = const ant System characteristic: s s s s ∝ 2 , ∝ , / 2 = H N Q N ⇒ H Q const ant Turbine characteristic: t t t t 10 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE 5

9/23/2013 FISH FRIENDLY TIDAL TURBINES Prototype system and turbine 11 PENTAIR FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS‘ FISH-FRIENDLY TURBINE WWW.FAIRBANKSNIJHUIS.COM FLOW TECHNOLOGIES – FAIRBANKS NIJHUIS 6