Experimental complex for multi-component detection of the EAS in a - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Experimental complex for multi-component detection of the EAS in a wide energy range (10 15 – 10 19 eV) I.I.Yashin for NEVOD Collaboration IIYashin@mephi.ru National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) M.B. Amekchakov, N.S. Barbashina, A.G. Bogdanov, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia A.A. Borisov, A. Chiavassa, R.M. Fakhrutdinov, Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia D.M. Gromushkin, V.V. Kindin, S.S. Khokhlov, R.P. Kokoulin, Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the RAS, Moscow, Russia K.G. Kompaniets, A.S. Kozhin, G. Mannocchi, A.A. Petrukhin, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, INAF, Torino, Italy O. Saavedra, G. Trinchero, I.A.Shulzhenko, V.V. Shutenko, Dipartimento di Fisica dell’ Universita di Torino , Italy Yu.V. Stenkin, E.A. Zadeba ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 1

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Experimental complex NEVOD (MEPhI, Moscow) 2

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 General view of the complex Cherenkov water detector NEVOD: Muon hodoscope URAGAN 9 х 9 х 26 m 3 = 2000 m 3 ; Sensitive area ~ 46 м 2 System of calibration telescopes (SCT) 80 scintillation counters Cluster 2 l o o p r e t a W Cluster 1 Coordinate tracking detector DECOR: Detector PRISMA-32 Sensitive area ~ 70 м 2 32 detectors of thermal neutrons 3

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Cherenkov water calorimeter NEVOD Quasispherical module (QSM) • Dense spatial lattice of QSM: 91 QSM; 546 PMT spacing: 2 m along X and Z ; 2.5 m – Y • PMTs dynamic range – 10 5 ph.e. Kokoulin et al. Poster # 146 4

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 DECOR – coordinate-tracking detector Constructed from streamer tube chambers supplied by Istituto di Cosmogeofisica, Torino, Russian-Italian project DECOR Run 242 --- Event 847205 ----05-05-2003 06:11:04.43 Trigger(1-16):01110101 00111100 Weit_Time:30.065 msec 4873:0 0:3923 3644:1 1:3332 SM=0 3754:2 2:3387 3814:3 3:3266 3859:0 0:3054 4199:1 1:3101 3877:2 SM=1 2:3351 5106:3 3:3591 3562:0 0:3570 3149:1 1:3435 SM=2 3376:2 2:3511 3672:3 3:3948 4000:0 0:3619 4098:1 1:3601 4109:2 SM=3 2:3894 4255:3 3:3760 3786:0 0:3750 3732:1 1:3582 SM=4 3712:2 2:3655 4030:3 3:3992 4000:0 0:3641 3388:1 1:3639 SM=5 3477:2 2:3849 4119:3 3:4104  The vertical arrangement of the 4050:0 0:3609 4120:1 1:3508 4164:2 SM=6 2:3684 detector (!). 5038:3 3:3647 3961:0 0:4245 3769:1 1:3814  Eight independent supermodules with SM=7 3844:2 2:4037 X-projection 4323:3 3:4338 Y-projection 3352:0 area of 8.4 m 2 each.  High spatial (~ 1 cm) and angular (~1 ° ) measurement accuracy. The main task of NEVOD-DECOR complex - the  Possibility to separate tracks up to study of the muon component in wide ranges of 200 registered particles (3 cm). multiplicities and zenith angles (up to the horizon). 5

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Muon bundles in inclined EAS The method of the Local Muon Density Spectra (LMDS) D = (number of muons) / (detector area); [ D ] = particles / m 2 . At large zenith angles:  Practically pure muon component  Collection area rapidly increases with zenith angle (~ 1 km 2 at 80  )  The arrival direction of the EAS and the local density of muons at the observation point are measured. 6

New approach: ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Local density spectra of EAS muons   0.4 lg E Tracking detector DECOR: a new approach provides possibility to study PCR in a very wide energy range (from 10 15 to 10 19 eV) by means of a single, not large detector “ Muon puzzle” : the analysis of obtained LMDS reveals an excess of multi-muon events at large zenith angles in comparison with simulations performed within the framework of commonly used hadron interaction models (even under assumption of heavy primaries – iron nuclei). Kokoulin et al. This conference talk 7

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 New detectors:  Large area tracking detector TREK  Extensive air shower array NEVOD-EAS  Detector of atmospheric neutrons URAN 8

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 TREK detector MEPhI – IHEP (Protvino) Collaboration Objectives: Investigation of muon bundles generated by cosmic rays of ultrahigh energies (10 15 – 10 19 eV) at large zenith angles . Drift chamber:  Size - 4000 × 508 × 112 mm 3  Gas mixture - 94% argon and 6% CO 2  Angular resolution ~ 30 mrad  Coordinate accuracy ~ 1 мм Tracking detector TREK:  two vertical planes of 264 drift chambers with X-Y orientation will be mounted on the outer wall of the CWD building.  Effective area of the detector ~ 270 m 2 . The new detector TREK will surpass currently operating coordinate detector DECOR:  in the effective area by 3.5 times  in the separation of close tracks in bundles by 10 times. 9

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 TREK detector MEPhI – IHEP (Protvino) Collaboration TREK prototype - CTUDC The layout of coordinate-tracking detector TREK Bogdanov et al. Poster # 115 10

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Detection of multi-particle events DECOR Multiplicity : m=46 Projection zenith angle: θ =64.6 ° CTUDC Multiplicity : m=32 Projection zenith angle: θ =65 ° 11

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 NEVOD-EAS detector   0.4  The problem of LMDS approach – low PCR energy resolution: lg E  Contribution to the events with fixed LMDS is provided by EAS with different energies, registered at different (random) distances from the axis. The idea of improvement - deployment around the NEVOD- DECOR the traditional EAS array. NEVOD-EAS is located on the roofs of the MEPhI laboratory buildings and between of them. NEVOD-EAS - array of clusters of KASCADE-Grande scintillation detectors 12

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Central part of NEVOD-EAS detector Central part of the setup - 12 clusters. The distance between the clusters is ~ 50 m . The total area of the setup is ~ 2 × 10 4 m 2 . 13

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Detection of EAS Example of the event registered by NEVOD-EAS and NEVOD-DECOR 14

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 URAN - detector for registration of atmospheric neutrons A study of the neutron component of extensive air showers (EAS). URAN together with NEVOD facilities allows to conduct investigations of EAS neutron component in the energy range of cosmic rays 10 14 - 10 16 eV including the “knee” region. Detector: inorganic scintillation ZnS(Ag) + B 2 O 3 Registration of neutrons: 10 В + n → 7 Li + α + 2,792 МэВ 10 В + n → 7 Li* + α + 2,31 МэВ 7 Li* → 7 Li + γ + 482 кэВ The thickness ~50 mg/cm 2 ; efficiency of neutron detection ~20% 15

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 URAN - detector for registration of atmospheric neutrons URAN:  Cluster structure (12 counters in a cluster)  Distance between counters: 4 - 5 m  Effective area of the counter: 0.36 m 2  Scintillator: ZnS(Ag)+B 2 O 3 NEVOD-EAS station URAN en-detectors First stage:  72 counters located on the roofs of NEVOD and neighbouring laboratory building near NEVOD  Total area: 10 3 m 2 16

NEVOD-EAS PRISMA-32 NEVOD-DECOR 17

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Conclusion Experimental Complex NEVOD Present:  Continuous measurements and analysis of data obtained with currently operating detectors of experimental complex (CWD NEVOD, DECOR, CTS, URAGAN, PRISMA ...)  Problem of common trigger 2017 – 2018: • Deployment, start and continuous operation of new facilities: NEVOD-EAS, URAN and TREK • Careful simulation • Conducting of a multi-component research of EAS with the complex:  CW calorimeter NEVOD → cascades, muon bundle and EAS’s core energy deposit  NEVOD-EAS → EAS parameters  URAN&PRISMA → e- and n components  DECOR&TREK → muon bundles ( m, θ )  SCT → muon bundles + e, h+EAS core, energy deposit 18

ICRC-2017, BUSAN, Korea 18 Jul 2017 Thank you for attention! 19