Presentation for the 2 nd Dr. Somsak Sukwong Public Lecture Kasetsart University, Bangkok, March 21, 2013 Presented by: Maria Cristina “ Crissy ” Guerrero Executive Director NTFP-EP
Non-timber forest products honey wild fruits coffee vines fibers & dyes pandan and other raw materials for handicrafts
NTFPs are estimated to account for as much as 25% of the income of close to one billion people (Molnar et al. 2004). NTFPs provide supplementary income to other sources of income (crafts along provides up to 25% of cash income for Kalimantan artisans) NTFPs often act as a safety net in times of economic shocks/ disasters NTFPs reinforce tradition, culture, sustainability NTFPs contribute to food security
Production volumes of NTFPs have decreased with the loss of forests around the world Not much political and economic support Some technological support in academic /R&D circles, but not as much on-demand support Many NTFP gatherers, producers still receive low returns, not a lot of value addition at farm gate
Food security focus has been on food staples and crops (rice) But many ASEAN agriculture systems are not based on paddy systems, and pursuing cash crops are resulting in loss of traditional varieties Focus of food security programs has been on increasing volume of food rather than the quality, diversity or the appropriateness of the food ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) -important but for forest peoples, indigenous peoples, additional attention is needed
Food security means that food is available at all times that all persons have means of access to it; that it is nutritionally adequate in terms of quantity, quality and variety ; and that it is acceptable within the given culture . Only when all these conditions are in place can a population be considered food secure. (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (1996)
Subsistence foods , gathered from the wild , support people in many parts of South and Southeast Asia Hunting, gathering, and fishing are vital adjuncts to farming and together they form an integrated system catering to elementary subsistence needs (De Beer, 2011) Forest foods often fill gaps in micronutrients , including vitamins, minerals (i.e. Zn and Fe), phyto-chemicals, and omega-3 fatty acids that are missing or in insufficient quantities in the staple
Wild foods are important in times of famine Some studies show that some forest -reliant communities have more diversified diet and BETTER NUTRITION (Dounias, 2007) Communities are becoming more food insecure with loss of forests or loss of access to forests In a recent study in 2 Cambodian villages in Ratanakiri province over 200 wild foods named, 70-75% of meat and vegetable supply is still from the forest (Nomad, NTFP 2012)
FOREST HONEY TRAV LUTLOT WATT TRAV PRUONG MELMEL
Negrito Cultural Festivals
Research to understand more deeply the relations of forests (and deforestation) to the diet, health and nutrition of forest communities Policy directives to protect and promote food from the forest programs Development interventions on revitalization of forest foods through innovative ways: food from the forest festivals, cooking contests, recipe books, etc
FLEGT - Mechanism to control illegal timber trade- may apply to NTFPs in the future LACEY ACT - Prohibits import of illegally harvested raw materials and finished products (and their components) made from illegally harvested materials; impacts rattan trade (US) Sustainable Furnishings Council (US)- stimulating sustainable practices , and a symbol of assurance Sustainable, ethical tourism – 20-40% increase in nature based tourism, increase in travel philanthropy, volunteer tourism which is nature based, increase in cultural / community based tourism Natural rubber - Increasing demand for eco-certified natural / jungle rubber (not monoculture) Bridgestone has committed to increasing purchases of natural rubber Eco-textiles – in 2008 over 1000 European companies participated in organic textile inspections Potentials for Agro-forestry , NTFPs in national and international markets (Global Market for Bamboo is expanding and will reach $20B in 2015)
Indonesia – 80% of all rattan traded internationally is from Indonesia; 7% increase contribution of crafts to national exports in 2011, creative industries (partly crafts) contributed to 7.4% of GDP Philippines – Tropical fibers law (2004) – mandates use of tropical fibers (some found in forest lands i.e. abaca) as fabrics for uniforms for public officials; EO 879 mandates 25% of public and elementary and secondary school desks and chairs would use bamboo Laos -Wild food (from the forest) is estimated to make up 32% of GDP or USD 1.1 billion annually
Indonesia – the demand for forest honey is growing in Southeast Asia in Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines ( Mr. Koen, AMWAY, 2011) Laos – Surveys show there is a demand and benefit for sustainably certified rattan in Europe (WWF Laos, 2011) Vietnam – one of the top exporters of oleoresins to Europe. Some supply is being sourced from Cambodia
Value addition To village industry Valuable product! Imugan, Sta Fe, Nueva Vizcaya From cottage industry
HONEY WORLD! Khmum Prey 163% increase in Sales in 2011! 1,000,000.00 900,000.00 NATRIPAL 800,000.00 700,000.00 SALES 600,000.00 500,000.00 USD 24,000 in 400,000.00 300,000.00 200,000.00 2011 100,000.00 0.00 2005 2007 2009 2011 (Sept)
Need policy support on community licensing for resin Need institutional technology transfer support- i.e.FPRDI Roughly 100,000 people are dependent on resin tapping with contributing income of 350USD/annum. (CDRI, 2003)
Indonesian Ministry of Forestry regulation identified 30 NTFPs to be provided budget and program support NTFPs for medicinal purposes are being given more attention Indigenous knowledge to develop NTFPs still remains though diminishing Some local associations , cooperatives, credit unions may be the foundation of NTFP enterprises Some private sector partners are becoming more interested though not all are flexible and patient “Pivot” to Asia provides new opportunities for trade ASEAN economic integration in 2015
Government economic development agenda often not favorable Engagement with larger companies requires formula development and strict adherence to standards Irregular availability Changing weather patterns affects production R&D Sector wants to work with private sector rather than NGOs, communities Security of tenure and access makes this option often not as attractive as others
Integration of plans and programming among ministries Value chain development, capacity building and connectivity between gatherers, companies, government sector Simplification of procedures, incentives for NTFP enterprises Integration of NTFPs within national reforestation programs Areas of high NTFP value off to industrial development, forest conversion for their eco- cultural value
Ancestral Domain Applied area Agroforestry Assistance Level 2 Water System NTFP development Carbon accounting
Sustainable Agriculture and agro-forestry Handicraft development and marketing Carbon and biodiversity inventory Participatory FLUP Heritage center development Leading on cultural aspects Water system development Including food from the forest
COMPONENTS BENEFITS Agroforestry Around 16, 798 seedlings have been distributed to farmers in Narra and Quezon. Distributed 11 carabaos to poor farmers in both sites . 539 individual farmers supported through farm planning,etc Water System Two (2) level II water systems have been established with a combined beneficiaries of 287 households and two schools with a combined population of 1,300 elementary students. This lead to the village ordinances to preserve the watersheds in these areas NTFP Assisted 4 enterprise POs with a combined membership of over 200 families in the product development and marketing of crafts Development Based on unofficial inventory carbon content for 9 plots in Carbon Quezon reflect the carbon content at 152 tons/ha. Narra and Accounting Quezon sites cover approximately 20,000 has. FLUP Allowing for the participatory planning and integration of ancestral domain management plans with government plans development
Catalyze local government support to push the local livelihood and sustainability agenda Integration of livelihoods in REDD projects for short term benefits to communities Participatory Land Use Planning and Integrated program Team of diverse competencies/expertise to address varied issues Short and long term planning and financing from green investors
Promote Forest Foods in Food Security Programs Purchase products from Community-based NTFP based enterprises Encourage NTFP value chain connectivity & local government support for comm. forestry landscape approaches
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