Ex Experi riences W s With G GEM EM Va Variety Ma Mana nagem ement ent (a (and nd New Ro Rootstocks). Co Consuelo Fe Fernández No Nogue uera Br Brok okaw Nursery LLC
Outlin ine • History and origin of the cultivar • Experience at Brokaw Ranches • What have we learned through our experience • Development in other countries • Challenges and uncertainties • A look into the future
His istory • In 1986 roughly 10,000 seedlings were planted at Bob Lamb’ s Camarillo grove by Dr Bob Bergh. • Lamb-Hass, GEM and other selections originated from this Bob Lamb plot. • In 1992 3-29-5 (GEM) was selected and topworked at UC South Coast Research and Extension Center. • In 1994 some material of the new selection was distributed for testing by growers. Hank Brokaw topworked 4 trees for observation.
Br Brok okaw aw Ran anches Experie ience 4 trees topworked in 1994 at Cheravo Ranch in Santa Paula for observation and • evaluation. An additional 50 trees were topworked in 1999. • Observations: Upright, compact growth habit. • Excellent fruit quality. • Superior peeling characteristics. • Larger fruit sizes when compared to Hass. • Tendency to set fruit in clusters that hang under the tree’ s canopy. • Low alternation. • Matures slightly later than Hass. • It hangs well on the tree. • High yields. •
Br Brok okaw aw Ran anches Experie ience • In 2002 a US Plant Patent application for 3-29-5 (GEM) was filed. • Brokaw Nursery was licensed to propagate GEM trees in February 2004. • Initial sales volumes were very low. • In 2006 the GEM was included in a high density trial block established by Brokaw Nursery at the Faught Ranch in Santa Paula.
Fa Faught Ra Ranch High Density T rial • Planting Date: August 2006. • Planting Distance: 10’ x 12’. • Berms. • Drip Irrigation(2 lines, 18” between emitters y 0.5 galons/hr). • Girdling (Hass only). • Stakes. • Rootstock Scion combinations: Hass/ Toro Canyon Hass/ Dusa Carmen/Dusa Carmen /Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/ Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/Dusa GEM/ Toro Canyon Lamb Hass/Dusa
Fa Faught Ra Ranch High Density T rial Planting Date: August 2006 • Planting Distance: 10’ x 12’ • Berms • Drip Irrigation (2 lines, 18” between emitters y 0.5 galons/hr). • Girdling (Hass only) • Steaks • Prunning • Rootstock Scion combinations: • Hass/ Toro Canyon Hass/ Dusa Carmen/Dusa Carmen /Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/ Toro Canyon Leavens Hass/Dusa GEM/ Toro Canyon Lamb Hass/Dusa GEM was well suited to high density • This experience with GEM at higher densities increased our enthusiasm for the cv. •
Fa Faught Ra Ranc nch Young ng Block • Bigger commitment to high densities. • Mainly Hass. • Planting Date: July 2009. • Planting distance: 6’ x 14.5’ • Berms. • Drip Irrigation. • Girdling (Hass only). • Stakes. • In 2011 4 rows topworked to GEM. • In 2015 we initiated a progressive conversion of 6 rows/year to GEM.
Mu Mupu pu an and Ch Cheravo Ra Ranc nches • Based on these experiences, Brokaw Ranch Company affirmed a commitment to the GEM variety. • 2013 – 2017: 21 Acres planted with GEM (13,000 trees). Planting Distances: 5’ x 14.5’ (600 trees/A). Berms. Drip Irrigation (2 lines, 18” between emitters y 0.5 galons/hr). Stake (2’’ diameter and 6’ tall). Irrigation and fertilization for GEM is 20% more than Hass. Pruning to control height and for rejuvenation?
6 month old GEM trees at Cheravo Ranch
2 year old GEM trees at Mupu Ranch
Four year old GEM trees at Mupu Ranch.
GEM Avocado - Mupu Ranch Average Yield per Acre (Lbs./A) 17000 10000 12500 10000 Lbs/A 15000 13846 13725 14000 13000 13934 7407 12000 13000 18750 10000 12308 13333 12500 11111 10630 9426 8333 7692 5422 4688 3077 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q04 H01 H02 T01 T02 T03 T04 W01 W02 W03 2013 2014 2015 #/Acre 14 #/Acre 15 #/Acre 16 #/Acre 17 Projected #/Acre 18
Number of GEM (3-29-5) trees sold per year at 50,000 BNLLC 46,000 45,000 40,000 37,959 35,000 Number of trees sold 30,000 25,000 20,000 17,877 16,051 15,000 10,000 7,912 5,000 3,267 793 178 299 121 152 410 787 798 9 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
GE GEM: : wo world-wi wide development
Challenges and uncertainties Cultural • Rootstock effect. • Excessive bloom in young trees can cause leaf drop (inherited from Gwen). • Cracking of fruit when hanging too late? • We don’ t yet have much experience in how it will respond to pruning. • Growers must take measures to supply the highest quality possible. Marketing • Not Hass!! • Inexperience on a commercial scale. First larger commercial blocks were planted in 2013. • Promotional effort needed to ensure success in the marketplace. • Packers must take measures to supply the highest quality possible.
A A look into nto th the fu futu ture… • Rapid increase in new acreage in the near term. • New GEM blocks going into production à more fruit entering the market. • From a grower point of view a lot of potential in Gem development à Higher efficiencies • To what extent might GEM displace Hass?
GEM R Rootstock T T ria ial Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R106 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R.05 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R106 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R.05 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R106 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R.05 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R106 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.30 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R.03 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R.03 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.18 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R.03 Gem/R.05 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.03 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.03 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.15 Gem/R0.17 Gem/R0.03 Gem/R0.47 Gem/R0.09 Gem/R0.13 Gem/R0.54 Gem/R0.06 Gem/R106 Gem/R.03 Gem/R0.15 Location: Faught Ranch Planting Date: June 2017
Th Thank you…
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