events of grape berry ripening under varying crop loads Marianna - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

XII International Conference on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics Bordeaux, July 15-20 th 2018 Unraveling the key molecular events of grape berry ripening under varying crop loads Marianna Fasoli E. & J. Gallo Winery – Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology

Grape berry development and ripening Dokoozlian, 2000 E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 2

A transcriptomic map of grape berry development and ripening fruit set maturity Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot noir weekly sampling Vintages: 2012 , 2013 , 2014 E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 3

Global and varietal transcriptomic changes over ripening Gene expression level 1 st wave 2nd wave 3rd wave -42 -28 -14 0 14 28 42 56 70 84 Days after veraison Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 2+3 E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 4

Global and varietal transcriptomic changes over ripening Class 1 Expression value (RPKM) Class 1 -42 -28 -14 0 14 28 42 56 70 84 Days after veraison Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 2+3 E. & J. Gallo Winery 5

Global and varietal transcriptomic changes over ripening Class 2 Expression value (RPKM) Class 3 Class 2+3 -42 -28 -14 0 14 28 42 56 70 84 Days after veraison Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 2+3 E. & J. Gallo Winery 6

Global and varietal transcriptomic changes over ripening Class 4 Expression value (RPKM) Class 4 -42 -28 -14 0 14 28 42 56 70 84 Days after veraison Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 2+3 E. & J. Gallo Winery 7

Putative biomarkers of the onset of ripening ABA, auxin and phenylpropanoid 135 42 135 ethylene / anthocyanin signaling related 138 138 39 14 days before veraison veraison E. & J. Gallo Winery 8

Grape ripening and crop load Yield (kg) = Ravaz Index Pruning Weight (kg) <4 5-8 >10 Vine Balance E. & J. Gallo Winery 9

Crop load manipulation 0% (control) 50% 75% fruit set maturity Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot noir weekly sampling Vintages: 2012 , 2013 , 2014 E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 10

Yield to pruning weight ratios in Pinot noir 2012 2013 2014 14 12 37-49 tons/ha Ravaz Index 10 8 20-36 tons/ha 6 4 2 10-19 tons/ha 0 Overcrop Balance Undercrop E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 11

Effect of crop load on the ripening progress Reducing Sugars and Malic acid content E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 12

Early effect of crop load manipulation Pinot noir -14 to 14 days after veraison Linear Mixed-Effect (LME) Model: Gene ~ Ravaz * Time + Sugar 77 genes modulated by crop load E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 13

Crop load effect on trigger genes E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 14

Crop load effect on phenylpropanoid pathway VviMYB14 Stilbene synthase 9 E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 15

Crop load effect on phenylpropanoid pathway Chalcone synthase 3 VviUFGT E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 16

Crop load effect on phenylpropanoid pathway VviMYB14 Stilbene synthase 9 Chalcone synthase 3 VviUFGT E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 17

Conclusions • Identification of gene expression waves throughout berry development • Identification of putative maturation trigger genes • Early response to crop load manipulation • Balanced vine gives unique fruit composition E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 18

Acknowledgements Chandra Richter Nick Dokoozlian Elizabeth Green Randall Mullen Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology Mario Pezzotti Sara Zenoni Giovanni Battista Tornielli Silvia Dal Santo Thanks for your attention !!! E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 19

E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 20

Vineyard info – Dusty Lane Ranch Vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot noir Block DL11 DL8 Year Planted 1997 2001 Rootstock 5C Freedom Clone FPS 8 FPS 23 Trellis System Horzontally Divided Curtain (Wye) Horzontally Divided Curtain (Wye) Row Spacing 10' (row) x 5' (vine) 10' (row) x 5' (vine) Soil Type Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Clay Loam Row Orientation E-W E-W Pruning Machine Pruned Hand Pruned E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 21

Crop load effect on quality Undercrop Balance Overcrop 1.4 1.2 1.2 Normalized median value - Negative Normalized median value - Positive 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -1 -1 -1.2 -1.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Yield to Pruning Weight E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 22

Yield to Pruning Weight 2012 2013 2014 14.00 Yield to Pruning Wt. 12.00 37-49 tons/ha Pinot noir 10.00 8.00 20-36 tons/ha 6.00 4.00 2.00 10-19 tons/ha 0.00 10.00 Cabernet Sauvignon 32-37 tons/ha Yield to Pruning Wt. 8.00 17-31 tons/ha 6.00 4.00 7-16 tons/ha 2.00 E. & J. Gallo Winery Marianna Fasoli 23 0.00