Evaluation Ev aluation of of a co a composting posting toil - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

13 th IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems, 5 th IWA Specialized Conference on Resource- Oriented Sanitation Evaluation Ev aluation of of a co a composting posting toil ilet et pr prototype ype for p r peo eopl ple e in in slum sl um are rea in in Ind ndon onesia esia Ryusei Ito*, Mei Tanie*, Ken Ushijima**, Dewi Nilawati***, Jovita Triastuti***, Neni Sintawardani*** and Naoyuki Funamizu* * Hokkaido University, Japan, ** Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan ** Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia

1 Kiara Condong, Bundong, Republic of Indonesia • Domestic coverage of WC: 87% • Direct discharge: 53% , Septic tank: 47% People is satisfied in the toilet Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

2 The reality is: • Most of excreta goes to the channel • Installed septic tanks don’t work. Government and local government has less power to improve sanitation Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Value chain sanitation system 3 household Market Farmer Compe Compe nsate nsate • Reproduce of valuable things Product Product from wastes of non Compe Compen Fertilizer Fertilizer value nsate sate Fertilizer Fertilizer • All stakeholders must have benefit. Compe Compe nsate nsate Collector Repository Transportation How do we encourage the people to use our composting toilet? Acceptance of the toilet from the people Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Prototype of composting toilet 4 • Feces-urine-water separation system • Long toilet bowl • Compact composting reactor with ventilation • No heater for water controlling • Automatic system for mixing and closing shutter • Design based on human engineering Overview of toilet Toilet bowl Solid-liquid separator Step Reactor Urine Used water Size: 50cm (w) x 60cm (d) x 60cm(h) Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Setting reactor 5

Objectives 6  To find points nts and direct ectio ion n for modification ication  To find current ent situation tion of Indonesi nesian an people le around d toilet et  To evaluat luate e of feeling ng on new toilet let <<Items>>  Change of operation Operation of lever • Cleaning every time •  Impressions on new toilet by Indonesian people Feeling on toilet • Materials on toilet body • Feeling on seat • Feeling on change of reactor • Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Hearing survey 7 1. 1.Situat ations ions  Survey • Tools Scratch on surface • LIPI(Indonesia) Corrosion of • Detergents • Mosque in materials • Cleaning spots Sapporo(Japan) Dirty points 2. 2.Change ge on operati tion on Structure of survey • Lever ① Personal • Every time cleaning information ② Questions on 3. 3.Feeling ling on new toilet practice in current • Toilet body toilet (1) • Materials of body ③ Questions on new toilet (2 and 3) • Seat • Changing reactor Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Results 8  Mosque in Sapporo  LIPI • Respondents: 12 (Living near • Respondents: 8 (staffs in LIPI) there) • Female: 25%, male: 75% • Female: 33.3%, male66.7% • Toilet in house: squatting type • Toilet in their country: Squatting type 83.3% Sitting type 41.7% 8.3% 12.5% 41.7% 20-29 20-29 12.5% 50% 30-39 30-39 50% 40-49 40-49 25% 60- Age distrib ributio tion Age distrib ributio tion Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Results 9  Situation in current toilet A) Cleaning tools Cleaning toilet bowl ⇒ Flat blush • B) Detergents Contains HCl solution, alcohol • ⇒ metal materials will be corroded C) Cleaning points  Smooth shape for • Floor • Toilet bowl viewable parts • Foot mark  Possibility of • Hole in toilet complicated shape for bowl behind Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Check points on dirtiness 10 1. Bad odor, 2. Slime on the floor or wall 1. Bad odor, 2. Mould on toilet bowl, 3. Mould on the floor or wall, 4. Black colored spots 3. Remain of feces or urine, 4. Change color 5. Wet floor, 6. Remain of feces or urine 5. Others Forced ventilation can control the problems of odor, mould, slime and wet floor. We need to ask clean toilet bowl every time to avoid remain of feces and urine. Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Cleaning toilet 11 5% 5% Every ry time 毎 回洗う 5% 5% Bother, , but clean an 面 倒 だが 毎 回洗 every time 20% 20% う 50% 50% 時 々 洗う Some time 20% 20% Don’t clean 洗わない No o answer 無 回 答 Clea eaning ning freq equency ency Difficult for cleaning every time ⇒ Change design of toilet bowl Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Actions in the toilet 12  Actions in the current toilet （ Clean an Enter Sit on Defeca Wash (Clea ean n toilet let Flush *2 Leavin ing *2 ing seat tion body* 1 toilet let) bowl ）  Actions in the new toilet Lever Flush Sit on Defeca ope pera ratio tio Wash Flush Enteri toilet let Leavin ing seat tion n for body toilet let ng ng bowl flushin ing  Change of material from ceramic to plastic (FRP) for low cost Changed points  Contamination of solid-liquid separator Order of *1 and *2 depends on people Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Change in actions 13 Acceptable これで良い 25% 25% Difficult 難 しい 75% 75% New opera ration tion No problem Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Impression on new toilet 14 Good and acceptable ⇒ 90 ％ 5% 5% BUT Good よい 5% 5%  Unsatisfaction on size: 70 ％ Acceptable ble • Too big to install in house 受け入れられ 40% 40% • Too big seat る Bad 悪 い 50% 50%  Bad color of cover → Yellow: Dirty and garbage No answer 無 回 答 Some wanted to squat on seat. Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

Impressions on seat 15 Comfo Co forta rtable ble 15% 15% 快適 Big 40% 40% 大きい 小 さい Big Small 45% 45% Fee eeling ing of sea eat • Some feels falling down, although the width is same as current Improve by adjusting height of step

Conclusion 16 Summary ry   Suggestions for next model 1. 1. Situ tuations ations To consider the materials for  corrosion issue Corrosive detergents  No problem on materials  To redesign the visible parts  Cleaning visible parts  for easier cleaning 2. Change in operation To consider small body  Some feels heavy for lever  To change image color  operation. To adjust height of seat and  Half don’t want to clean every  step time. 3. 3. Impress ressio ions on new toil ilet et To induce sitting deep  Big size  To modify connector  Bad image on yellow color  Feeling to fall down  Small space for washing body  No touch to compost  No unplug electric cables 

Acknowledgements 17 This study was supported by the research institute for humanity and nature (RIHN), Japan. We thank to staffs in the Indonesian institute of science (LIPI) for supporting our survey and to be as respondents. We also thank to Deposit Toilet Project to develop the prototype of the composting toilet. Lab. on Eng. for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido Univ.

18 Thank you for kind attention.