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ENVIRONMENTAL GEOMECHANICS CE-641 Lecture No. 9 Prof. D N Singh Department of Civil Engineering 04.9.2019 Lecture No. 9 Lecture Name: Waste: A Man-made Resource Sub-topics Waste generation


  1. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOMECHANICS CE-641 Lecture No. 9 Prof. D N Singh Department of Civil Engineering

  2. 04.9.2019 Lecture No. 9 Lecture Name: Waste: A Man-made Resource Sub-topics • Waste generation • Forms • Hazardous wastes • Non-hazardous wastes • Examples and Differences • Need for Characterization (important for its utilization, reuse, recycling and recovery of precious materials)

  3. Waste Generation • Depends on the source of generation • May degrade into harmless products • May be: non-degradable & hazardous (and may have cumulative detrimental effects) • Solid • Liquid • Sludges • Gases • Combination of all these forms

  4. Definitions Several definitions and Interpretations United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) “ wastes other than radioactive wastes, which by reason of their chemical reactivity or toxic, explosive, corrosive or other characteristics causing danger or likely to cause danger to health or the environment, whether alone or coming into contact with other wastes, are legally defined hazardous in the state in which they are generated or in which they are disposed of or through which they are transported”.

  5. Materials which are:  inherently dangerous to the human body or to animals, including, but not limited to, materials that are toxic/poisonous  Irritants  strong sensitizers  Flammable  explosive (i.e., generate power through decomposition, heat or other means)  infectious (i.e., represent a potential source for transmission of disease to humans, domestic animals or wildlife)  radioactive (i.e., containing sufficient radioactivity)  pesticides

  6. wastes from commercial or trade companies, which, due to their nature, composition or quantities, are especially hazardous to human health, air or water, or are explosive, flammable or may cause diseases” . Hazardous wastes are those wastes which due to their nature and quantity are potentially hazardous to human health and/or the environment, and require special disposal techniques to eliminate or reduce the hazard. one that may cause or significantly contribute to serious illness or death or that poses a substantial threat to human health or the environment when improperly managed waste is any substance for which the owner/generator has no further use and which is discarded.

  7. Types of the WASTE NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS WASTE

  8. Types of the WASTE NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE HAZARDOUS WASTE Industrial Municipal Industrial Non-hazardous Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA)

  9. Municipal Waste Compost Scrap tires Used oil Sewage sludge Water treatment sludge

  10. Industrial Non-Hazardous Waste Coal ash (fly ash /Bottom ash) Ferrous & non-ferrous slags Reclaimed paving materials Construction & Demolition debris Cement & lime kiln dusts Sulphates Foundary, Cermaic, Silica fumes Dredged material (too much volume, disposal problems) Minerals waste rocks mill tailings coal refuse washery rejects phosphogypsum Agricultural Animal manure Crop wood Organic & Liquid wastes Solid waste combustion residues Reclaimed plastic Waste glass

  11. Disposal of Industrial Non-Hazardous Waste Land disposal Ocean disposal Incineration (reduces the wt. of the waste, ash production) Sewer disposal Septic tanks Lagoons/surface impoundments Construction applications Resource recovery

  12. HAZARDOUS WASTE (source USEPA) www.epa.gov ( U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Major source is Industrial activity Poses significant threat to the environment/health In combination with other materials or alone Four types (EPA, 1980) Type 1 Aqueous-Inorganic Type 2 Aqueous-Organic Type 3 Organic Type 4 Hazardous sludges, slurries & solids

  13. HAZARDOUS WASTE Major source is Industrial activity Poses significant threat to the environment/health In combination with other materials or alone Hazard associated with the waste is not only due to its presence but also due to its concentration Hazardous material in a very dilute form may be harmless, even though in its concentrated form it may be very toxic. As such, detection of a “Hazardous material” in the ground does not necessarily indicate a significant problem

  14. Sources of Hazardous Waste Nuclear Power Plants Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills Chemical and Primary Metal Industries Paint and Dye Manufacturing Industries Mining Industries Paper and Pulp Industries Battery, Fuel cell industry Leather industry Electroplating Textile industries Hospitals and pharmaceutical companies

  15. Examples Non-biodegradable Synthetic Organics Heavy Metal (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons) Dioxin (A chemical which causes cancer, Lead especially breast cancer, the combination of fat, high heat, and plastics releases dioxin) Mercury DDT Arsenic Kepone Cadmium Mirex Tin PCB's Zinc Carbon Tetrachloride Chromium Benzene Copper Chloroform Beryllium Polyvinyl Chlorides Strontium

  16. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  17. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  18. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  19. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  20. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  21. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  22. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  23. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  24. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  25. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  26. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  27. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  28. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  29. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  30. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  31. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  32. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  33. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  34. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  35. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  36. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  37. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  38. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  39. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  40. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  41. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  42. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  43. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  44. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  45. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  46. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  47. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  48. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  49. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  50. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  51. NTPC @ Korba Coal Washery Residues

  52. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 52 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  53. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 53 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  54. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 54 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  55. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 55 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  56. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 56 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  57. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 57 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  58. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 58 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  59. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 59 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  60. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 60 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  61. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 61 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  62. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 62 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  63. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 63 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  64. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 64 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  65. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 65 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  66. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 66 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  67. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 67 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  68. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 68 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  69. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 69 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  70. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 70 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  71. IIT Bombay Environmental Geomechanics 71 Lecture No. 5 D N Singh

  72. Use of Coal washery residues for Construction of Railway Embankment and Sidings at BSES-Korba (6 to 10 million tons consumed ) 340 Ground level Height of the filling required Fomation level 335 330 16 325 RL (m) 14 320 12 315 10 310 H (m) 8 305 14800 15000 15200 15400 15600 15800 16000 16200 16400 6 Chainage (m) 4 . Topography of the site. 14800 15000 15200 15400 15600 15800 16000 16200 16400 Chainage (m)

  73. 20 16 12 Height (m) 8 C/L Native soil 4 2:1 Stone pitching 2.5:1 CR G.L. 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 X (m)

  74. 28 24 20 C/L Height (m) 16 12 2:1 Native soil 3 m berm 8 Stone pitching 2:1 4 CR 2.5:1 G.L. 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 X (m)

  75. 40 35 30 25 C/L Height (m) 20 2:1 3 m berm Native soil 15 2:1 3 m berm 10 CR Stone pitching 2.5:1 5 2:1 G.L. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 X (m)

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