Value of Resilience (VOR) • Everyone understands there is significant value to resilience provided by indefinite renewables-driven backup power • But, nobody has yet to quantify this value of unparalleled resilience. • Hence, there is an economic gap for innovative Community Microgrid projects while learning is still is the early stages. • The Clean Coalition aims to establish standardized Value of Resilience (VOR) for critical, priority, and discretionary loads that will help everyone understand that premiums are Resolute Associates LLC appropriate for indefinite renewables-driven backup power of critical loads and almost constant backup power to priority loads, which yields a configuration that delivers backup power to all loads a lot of the time • The Clean Coalition’s VOR approach will establish standardized values for resilience of three tiers of loads: • Tier 1 are mission-critical and life-sustaining loads, crucial to keep operational at all times, including during grid outages. Tier 1 loads usually represent about 10% of the total load. • Tier 2 are priority loads that should be maintained as long as long as doing so does not threaten the ability to maintain Tier 1 loads. Tier 2 loads are usually about 15% of the total load. • Tier 3 are discretionary loads make up the remaining loads, usually about 75% of the total load, and are maintained when doing so does not threaten the ability to maintain Tier 1 & 2 loads. 41 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Percentage of time online for Tier 1, 2, and 3 loads for net zero solar + 2 hours storage microgrids at UCSB 100 90 80 Resolute Associates LLC Percentage of total load 70 60 Tier 1 = Critical load, ~10% of total load 50 40 Tier 3 = Discretionary load, ~75% of total load 30 20 Tier 2 = Priority load, ~15% of total load 10 Tier 1 = Critical, life-sustaining load, ~10% of total load 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percentage of time 42 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Goleta Load Pocket (GLP) The GLP is the perfect opportunity for a comprehensive Community Microgrid Resolute Associates LLC • GLP spans 70 miles of California coastline, from Point Conception to Lake Casitas, encompassing the cities of Goleta, Santa Barbara (including Montecito), and Carpinteria. • GLP is highly transmission-vulnerable and disaster-prone (fire, landslide, earthquake). • 200 megawatts (MW) of solar and 400 megawatt-hours (MWh) of energy storage will provide 100% protection to GLP against a complete transmission outage (“N-2 event”). • 200 MW of solar is equivalent to about 5 times the amount of solar currently deployed in the GLP and represents about 25% of the energy mix. • Multi-GWs of solar siting opportunity exists on commercial-scale built-environments like parking lots, parking structures, and rooftops; and 200 MW represents about 7% of the technical siting potential. • Other resources like energy efficiency, demand response, and offshore wind can significantly reduce solar+storage requirements. 43 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Solar Siting Survey (SSS) for Montecito Resolute Associates LLC 44 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Upper Village Emergency Response and Emergency Sheltering Clusters Resolute Associates LLC 45 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Upper Village Community Microgrid block diagram Diagram Elements Autonomously controllable microgrid relay/switch (open, closed) Montecito Fire District Resolute Associates LLC Montecito Water District Tier 2 & 3 Loads Hot Springs Montecito Southern Feeder (16kV) Union School Portion Santa Coast Village Barbara Community Microgrid Substation 46 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Community Microgrid key stakeholders Property Municipalities Owners Resolute Associates LLC Policymakers Residents Community Microgrid Philanthropic Utilities Funders Solution Financiers Providers 47 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
City of Calistoga area & fire threat map Resolute Associates LLC 48 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
PG&E Resilience Zones = Community Microgrids • PG&E is planning for a Resilience Zone powered by 7 MW of diesel generators. • These diesel generators Resolute Associates LLC could be replaced by local solar and storage. Source: PG&E, Jul2019 49 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Strauss Wind Project area map Resolute Associates LLC 50 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Strauss Wind Project proximate map Vandenburg Airforce Base main offices Resolute Associates LLC Cabrillo Substation – 110 to 161kV PG&E 115 kV (project POI) Manville Substation customer designated - 110kV to 161kV 51 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Direct Relief Microgrid is a perfect case study • Location: Santa Barbara, CA. • Owner: Direct Relief (one of the largest disaster recover/supply non-profits in the world). • Brand new 155,000-square- foot pharmaceutical Resolute Associates LLC warehouse. • Ships direct to disasters zones, internationally. Cold storage cannot be without power. • Needed a microgrid for indefinite renewables- driven backup power. • Has a microgrid with net zero solar plus about 2 hours of storage. • Has a diesel generator backup to the backup that is almost never used beyond the maintenance routine required every couple weeks. 52 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Direct Relief Microgrid limited to onsite resilience • Resiliency is #1 concern: • 320 kW PV • 676 kWh Storage • 600 kW generator 676 kWh Li • 4000 gal. of fuel Resolute Associates LLC • PV annual generation designed to cover annual 320 kW PV consumption. • Storage designed to time- shift the generation to more valuable times, and provide 600 kW diesel Resiliency. generator with • Genset provides “back -up to 4,000 gallon tank the back- up”. • Direct Relief Microgrid requirement is that the critical loads are operational indefinitely, even through local disasters that causes long-term interruptions to normal electricity service. 53 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Direct Relief is ready to do way more! Microgrid only serves Direct Relief needs: • 70% of roof and 100% of massive parking area solar potential is unused. • Additional storage not Resolute Associates LLC able to be considered due to policy prohibitions around exporting energy from a battery to the grid – even though the energy is 100% stored solar. Ready to do way more: : • 1,133 kW in total solar siting potential, 427 kW more rooftop and 386 kW in parking lots. • Existing switch gear is already sized for the expansion and is just awaiting the policy innovation! 54 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
You can benefit & make a difference at home too! Residential solar+storage microgrid example • 10 kW solar + 20 kWh storage • $60k total cash price: • $3,000 per kW for solar (requires about 650 square feet, which is approximately equivalent to 25 x 25 feet). • $1,500 per kWh for storage and microgrid controller etc. Resolute Associates LLC • $40k net cash price after approximately $20k in near-term incentives: • $15k from 26% Investment Tax Credit (ITC) on total price (requires storage to be charged by solar only). • $5k Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) on storage. • $175k in savings over 30 years • $4k in first year savings. • Over 10% Internal Rate of Return (IRR) over 30 years. • 45 cents/kWh = SCE’s 30 -year Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) with 3% annual escalator. • 10-year simple payback without any SCE escalator. • Resilience for free! 13.5kWh Tesla Powerwall 55 Making Clean Local Energy Accessible Now
Options during a power shutoff April pril Price Comm Communit ity Envir iron onmental l Cou Council il
Even vent Partner ers
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage 1. Low Tech
Optio ions Du Durin ing a Power Outage “Have you considered the toxic impacts of diesel exhaust? 1. Low Tech Diesel soot, or diesel particulate, is the number one airborne carcinogen in California, and represents our state’s most 2. Generator significant toxic air pollution problem.” -Santa Barbara Air Pollution Control District
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage 1. Low Tech 2. Generator
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage
Optio ions Du Durin ing a Power Outage 1. Low Tech 2. Generator Large Fridge 10+ hours Battery/Solar Generators: EXAMPLES
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage 1. Low Tech 2. Generator 3. Special Inverter with Outlet
Optio ions Du Durin ing a Power Outage 1. Low Tech 2. Generator 3. Special Inverter with Outlet 4. Solar+ Battery JUST FOR BACKUP Easy to recycle and more affordable than other batteries that we will discuss
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage 1. Low Tech 2. Generator 3. Special Inverter with Outlet 4. Solar+ Battery JUST FOR BACKUP 5. Solar+ Load Shifting Battery
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage 1. Low Tech 2. Generator 3. Special Inverter with Outlet 4. Solar+ Battery JUST FOR BACKUP 5. Solar+ Load Shifting Battery
Optio ions Durin ing a Power er Outage Sonnen eco Enphase Simpliphi Tesla Powerwall Pika Energy LG Chem EXAMPLES: Batteries that can be used for load shifting applications
Wh What is s Load Shiftin ing? WITHOUT LOAD SHIFTING Typical Solar Situation: (Net Energy Metering) You export solar to the grid when you don’t need it and get a monetary credit for each kWh that is sent to the grid. WITH LOAD SHIFTING You will charge your battery with your solar system during the day and then use some of that energy in the evening instead of buying the most expensive energy from the grid Graphic from Energy Storage News
Wh What is s Load Shiftin ing? WITHOUT LOAD SHIFTING Typical Solar Situation: (Net Energy Metering) You export solar to the grid when you don’t need it and get a monetary credit for each kWh that is sent to the grid. WITH LOAD SHIFTING You will charge your battery with your solar system during the day and then use some of that energy in the evening instead of buying the most expensive energy from the grid Graphic from Energy Storage News
EX EXAMPLE: El Elect ctrici icity y cos cost impact cts of load sh shiftin ing SCE rates after storage SCE Rates before storage (TOU-D-PRIME)- Summer (TOU-D-4-9 )- Summer You pay (or get NEM credits) of: You pay (or get NEM credits) of: ~25 cents/kWh 4PM-9PM ~24 cents/kWh 4PM-9PM weekdays weekdays ~3.5 cents/kWh All other times ~6 cents/kWh All other times
EX EXAMPLE: El Elect ctrici icity y cos cost impact cts of load sh shiftin ing CPA rates after storage CPA Rates before storage (TOU-D-PRIME)- Summer (TOU-D-4 )- Summer
EXAMPLE: El EX Elect ctrici icity y cos cost impact cts of load sh shiftin ing CPA rates after storage CPA Rates before storage (TOU-D-PRIME)- Summer (TOU-D-4 )- Summer You pay (or get NEM credits) of: ~25 cents/kWh 4PM-9PM weekdays ~3.5 cents/kWh All other times ~11 cents/kWh 4PM-9PM weekends
GH GHG G Impact ct of Load Shiftin ing Load Shifting allows you to use your own solar energy when the grid is most dependent on natural gas.
Fe Federal l Tax Cred edit its Investment Tax Credit (ITC) Your solar-tied battery system will be eligible for the ITC as long as it is charged by solar. Tax Credit: System installed in 2019= 30% System installed in 2020= 26% System installed in 2021= 22% System installed in 2022= 10%
Self lf Ge Generation Ince centiv ive Program FOR LOAD SHIFTING BATTERIES TIED TO SOLAR: Incentive has been available at a price/watt hour. Most recent incentive was a one-time payment of 25 cents/watt hour So, for a 13.5 kWh battery, a $2,900 Incentive was recently available. Incentive levels decrease as more people subscribe. So, if the level is decreased- incentive COULD be: 20 cents/watt hour ($2,320 for same battery)
Self lf Ge Gener eration Ince centiv ive Program- EQUITY Available~ April, 2020 Enhanced Incentives ~April, 2020 Eligible customers are those in high fire threat districts , and are also: • Low-income or living in a disadvantaged community • “Medical baseline ” consumers or consumers who have notified utilities that they have a serious illness or condition that could be life-threatening without electricity • A critical services facility , such as police and fire stations, emergency responders, health care facilities, cooling centers, and others providing critical functions
Self lf Ge Gener eration Ince centiv ive Program- EQUITY Available~ April, 2020 Enhanced Incentives ~April, 2020 Eligible customers are those in high fire threat districts , and are also: • Low-income or living in a disadvantaged community • “Medical baseline ” consumers or consumers who have notified utilities that they have a serious illness or condition that could be life-threatening without electricity • A critical services facility, such as police and fire stations, emergency responders, health care facilities, cooling centers, and others providing critical functions
“Technical Discussion” of Energy Storage But not TOO Technical... 78 78 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technically: Energy Storage - Key to a Microgrid A Microgrid is a combination of: 1 Generation 2 Storage 3 Control “Available to power multiple loads in an electrically defined area” 79 79 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technically: “Storage + Solar = Microgrid” An Energy Storage and Solar system can create a microgrid that: 1. Provides cleaner, lower cost energy than the grid 1. Keeps you indefinitely powered during a grid outage 1. Contributes to the emergence of a better (more sustainable and resilient) electric powered interconnected community. most of these benefits are maintained even WITHOUT Solar 80 80 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technically: Microgrids Mitigate PSPS “ on PSPS “ Microgrids give you AGENCY : ▪ We are absolutely dependent on our electric system. ▪ We take it for granted - only notice it when we don’t have it. ▪ Energy Storage is a solution... 81 81 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technical Refresher: Power vs Energy Concepts 100w Light Bulb: The Water Analogy: 100w ( power ) for 1hr is Think of POWER ● “100Wh” ( energy ). as the DIAMETER and ENERGY as ● ● Ten 100w bulbs = 1kW “ power ”. the VOLUME ● The POWER of these 10 bulbs is 1 kW, but one day of use will consume 24kWh of ENERGY . Case Studies A Big Refrigerator: A Big Microwave: Might use 250W of ● POWER Running for 15m/hr, ● Might use 1,500W of POWER ● uses 6,000Wh per Running 6m/day uses 150Wh of ● day of ENERGY ENERGY / day 82 82 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technically: Energy vs Power in your Home ESS The The Inverter Battery Determines Determines The Power The Energy If you want to run your If you want to run your Microwave for a day you Fridge for a day you will will need 1.5kW of need battery with 6kWh Power from the Inverter of Energy storage capacity “Home” ESS Inverters ESS batteries are are 3-6kW around “10kWh” 83 83 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technically: Can I back up & run my “WHOLE” house? How much Power How much do I need? Energy do I need? Technically you could back-up Technically you could install a the whole house… “really big” battery… but it will cost you but it will cost you. A home with “200a main A big home could easily panel”, could consume up consume > 40kWh/day! to 48kW! Practically , just back-up your Practically installing solar mean “critical loads”... you need less storage... 84 84 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technical Configuration: DC Coupled Solar And Battery Energy Need To Be Converted to AC AC Side DC Side “DC” Coupled 85 85 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technical Configuration: AC Coupled Solar And Battery Energy Need To Be Converted to AC “AC” AC Side Coupled DC Side 86 86 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
A Technical “Day in the Life” of an ESS + PV Solar Production: Edison “peak” price Powers house and charges battery instead of exporting power at low rates. Battery Charges from PV Battery Exports to Grid 87 87 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
How long will my BATTERY last if “in hours”? Setting: Energy Conservation Assuming NO Solar How long your battery lasts depends on how fast you use it up. Depending on use- case, an ESS lasts about: • 21 hours at “base load” usage • 14 hours at “normal usage” • 4 hours during “max usage” Setting: Business As Usual Setting: Max Usage 88 88 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
How long will my battery last WITH solar? “Indefinite Resilience” 89 89 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technically: Community = Individuals Technically - lots of small batteries can do the same thing as one larger battery Capacit y 90 90 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
Technical : “Why Lithium” ● It is “Good Enough”... ● Prices are dropping fast. ● It is “Scaling”... In 2015: only three “megafactories” were planned (including Tesla’s “gigafactory”): In 2019: 68 megafactories, with a total capacity of 1.45TWh are projected to be on line by 2028. 91 91 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
How long will my battery last (in years)? 92 92 LILYPAD ENERGY EMERGENT MICROGRID Emergent Microgrid Confidential Information
805 Energy Security Initiative
About Swell Energy Consumer Energy Solutions Innovative financing and energy services Utilityincentiveprogram enrollment TOUenergyarbitrageandoptimization Energy security with backup power BringYourOwn DeviceDER exchange Utility Grid Services Connected energyresources Capacity/resourceadequacy Demandresponse Non wires alternatives Resiliency andreliability
SCE’s Need for Local and Reliable Energy • 2015 - AlisoCanyon Natural Gas LeakReduces LocalGas Supplies • 2017 - Rejectionof the 262 MW Puente Natural Gas Plant • Mandalay Generating StationDecommissioning • PublicSafety Power Shutoff Programs 3
Connected Energy Storage Solution • Swell secured 14 MW to enroll behind-the-meter energy storage systems • Additional resiliencyincentivesavailable from the CPUC • Goal of over 5000 home and commercial systems by 2021 • Flexibleparticipationoptions home and building owners • Local electricianand solar company collaboration 4
Swell’s Connected Energy Network 5
EnergyShield Energy Security Service • Energy Savings through Time of Use Control • BackupPower for Essential Circuits • Connected Energy Network Participation • Residential and Commercial • Battery Only or Solar+ Storage • Upfront ParticipationDiscountsand Annual ParticipationPayments • Low Monthly Energy Service Fees 6 www.swellenergy.com/805
Energy Exchange Program Enrollment Enroll your existingor new storage systeminthe program to receive annual benefits for participation and support the resiliencyof the local grid. 7
Local CommunityBenefits • ReliabilityinLocalElectricitySupply • Neighborhood DisasterPreparednessand Resiliency • Improved RegionalAir Quality • Local Workforce Opportunities • Climate Change Mitigation 8
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