Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 1
Electronics for Gas Detectors IONIZATION DRIFT MULTIPLICATION READOUT AMPLIFICATION PROCESSING FEATURE EXTRACTION EVENT CORRELATION Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 2 2
Electronics for Gas Detectors Low noise (0.1 ~ 1 ke) High channel count Rate capability (up to millions of ch) Efficiency Discharge protection Data Bandwidth Radiation hardness signal range = 10 .. 1000 ke- Spatial resolution signal width = 5 .. 200ns Temporal resolution negative or positive polarity Energy resolution … Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics for Gas Detectors, 03/02/2014 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 3 3
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 4
Parasitic Capacitances ~ 0.1..1 pF/cm W L 0 strip strip C h strip mesh Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 5
Noise Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 6
Noise Optimization Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 7
MOS Preamplifier Example 2 S A ( C C ) 2 w w D g 2 2 ENC i A S A ( C C ) n i S f f D g S Shaper coefficients Bias resistor + bleeder … W MOS transconductance g 2 C I m ox DS L Technology parameters Power consumption Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 8
detector capacitance Current Noise 8 KT 2 S A ( C C ) S 2 w w D g 2 2 ENC i A S A ( C C ) w 3 g n i S f f D g m S W shaping time g 2 C I m ox DS Noise increases with L White Noise 1/f Noise detector capacitance * TSMC 0.35um data from the web ENC vs. Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; ENC vs. Cd (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 1000.0 Id = 2m; Cd = 20pF) 2mA) 900.0 900.0 ENCi 800.0 800.0 ENCw 700.0 ENCf 700.0 ENC 600.0 600.0 ENCi ENC ENCw 500.0 500.0 ENC ENCf 400.0 400.0 ENC 300.0 300.0 200.0 200.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 000.E+0 10.E-12 20.E-12 30.E-12 40.E-12 000E+0 50E-9 100E-9 150E-9 200E-9 Cd ts Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 9
detector capacitance Current Noise 8 KT 2 S A ( C C ) S 2 w w D g 2 2 ENC i A S A ( C C ) w 3 g n i S f f D g m S W shaping time g C I 2 m ox DS L White Noise 1/f Noise * TSMC 0.35um data from the web variable shaping: 50 … 300 ns 1100.0 1400.0 ENC vs. Id & Ts 1000.0 (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Cd = 20pF) 1200.0 Cd = 10pF Id = 1mA 900.0 Cd = 20pF Id = 2 mA Cd = 40pF 1000.0 Id = 3mA 800.0 ENC Noise decreases ENC 700.0 800.0 with power 600.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 400.0 200.0 300.0 000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 Ts ts Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 10
Sensitivity vs. Efficiency detector capacitance Spatial Current Noise Resolution Detector 2 S A ( C C ) Capaci- 2 w w D g 2 2 ENC i A S A ( C C ) tance n i S f f D g S shaping time Detector Electronic White Noise 1/f Noise Segmenta Noise -tion Sensitivity Efficiency Rate Shaping Capability Time Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 11
Sensitivity vs. Power detector capacitance Detector 2 Capaci- S A ( C C ) 2 w w D g 2 2 tance ENC i A S A ( C C ) n i S f f D g S 8 KT S w 3 g m Detector Sensitivity Electroni Segment W c Noise Power g 2 C I a-tion m ox DS L Power Consum p-tion Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 12
How do I readout all channels? Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 13
Front-End Architecture Waveform sampling other channels Pipeline Signal Preamp Shaper + ADC processing other channels Self-triggered channel Timestamp Memory Feature Shaper 1 Feature 1 ADC RAM/ extraction Feature 2 Analog Preamp Hit Shaper 2 detection other channels Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 23/11/2009 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 14 14
APV25 M U X gain 50ns – 160ns* 128:1 X D ifferential M U inverter current pipeline output am p APS P S/H pream p shaper 192 time-samples analog serializer Waveform sampling other channels Pipeline (Analog) Preamp Shaper Signal + ADC Processing other channels Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 15
APV25 M U X gain 50ns – 160ns* 128:1 X D ifferential M U inverter current pipeline output am p APS P S/H pream p shaper 192 time-samples/max 30 readout analog serializer 25ns x 128ch Max rate(th) = 280kHz / nr_samples 3.5us Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 16
APV Analog Serial Frame Analogue data (128 channel samples) sync pulses headers Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 17
What front-end do I choose? A little more data bandwidth if I use more outputs in parallel … Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 18
BEETLE 160 time-samples max 16 samples readout 4x outputs (A/D) (more bandwidth) Fast-OR output for triggering Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 19
What front-end do I choose? How can I go faster? Is ADC resolution really necessary for my application or I can live with just one bit? Ex. Tracking detectors Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 20
VFAT – Binary readout 256 samples 128 events • No more analog information • Faster readout • More bandwidth Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 21
What front-end do I choose? What do I do if I have very high events rates? Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 22
VMM (BNL) ? • Data driven system • No sampling clock • Self triggered • Natural zero-suppression • Feature extraction Timestamp Memory Feature Shaper 1 Feature 1 ADC RAM/ extraction Feature 2 Analog Preamp Hit Shaper 2 detection other channels Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 23
Other Pixel readout - TIMEPIX Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 24
SRS Hybrids Power LDOs HDMI connector protection Discharge sensor connector Standard RD51 Front-End Chip standard RD51 connector discharge protection micro-HDMI clk & trg data links dcs (I2C) industry-ready design purchase through CERN store Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 25
SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 26
SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection GND connection (< 2mohm) Samtec MMCX middle pin can be used for power coax connector mechanical connection Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 27
New Hybrids BEETLE Hybrid VFAT2 Hybrid Optional stacking conn. for cable-less Rad-tol CPLD connection Comparator OR/MUX Power option via MMCX connectors Clk & Trg decode First prototypes foreseen for Aug-Sep Work in progress 2012 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 28
Scalability Concept System Size (small) 1Gb Ethernet off-detector Front-end Adapter Card Chip-link (FEC) (HDMI , fiber, …) on-detector FE FE FE ASIC ASIC ASIC DETECTOR Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 29
MAMMA Beamtest (CERN) Muon Tomography (Florida) Scalability Concept System Size (medium) 1Gb Ethernet Network Switch off-detector Front-end Front-end Adapter Adapter Card Card (FEC) (FEC) on-detector FE FE FE FE ASIC ASIC ASIC ASIC DETECTOR Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 03/02/2014 Electronics School, Sorin.Martoiu@cern.ch 30
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