2 nd Quarter Civilizations Mesopotamia (The Tigris & Euphrates) Egypt (The Nile River Valley) India (The Indus River) China (The Yellow River) 1
River Valley Civilizations 2
3
2 nd Quarter 2017 ISN Table of Contents Even Odd Left Side Items Page # Right Side Items Page # BLANK ☺ New Table of Contents 0 1 BLANK ☺ Egypt L. Goal 2 3 Map of Egypt Geography & HEI 4 5 Social Class Pyramid Division of Labor 6 7 KING TUT/Game Pitch Religion in Culture & Gov’t 8 9 Mummification Process Cultural & Scientific 10 11 Khufu’s Pyramid Pharaoh Contributions 12 13 Egypt Study Guide Egypt CSA/Test 14 15 4
Learning Goal Students will be able to demonstrate understanding of Ancient Egypt’s government, geography, religion, cultural and scientific contributions as well as its influences on the development of later civilizations. Strand 2: Concept 2: PO 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 5
Ancient Egypt HEY! Where’s the RIVER? BRAINPOP Topic: Ancient Egypt- kyrenecentennial bpop 9
Ancient Egypt- Ch. 5 p.143 (ISN p.4) Label the following bodies of water & rivers, landforms, regions and cities. Bodies of Water & • Mediterranean Sea Rivers • Nile River • Red Sea • Gulf of Suez • Sinai Peninsula Landfor • Eastern Desert ms • Western Desert • Sahara Desert • Nile Delta Regions • Valley of the Kings & Cities • Valley of the Queens • Giza • Thebes • Abu Simbel 10
Why was the Nile River a gift for the Egyptians? Essential Question 11
For centuries, THE NILE RIVER FLOODED THE VALLEY, enriching the land with a thick layer of sedimentary soil. Flooding occurred from July to September as the result of the tropical rains. The river attained its highest level in October, then began to recede to its lowest point sometime between April and June. 12
Domestication of Animals • LIVESTOCK was important to the Egyptian economy, supplying meat, milk, eggs, hides, and dung for cooking fuel. • Nothing was ever wasted. • A variety of DOMESTICATED ANIMALS were raised, including cattle, oxen, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks and geese. • They did not eat pork (pigs). • HERDSMEN and SHEPHERDS lived a semi-nomadic life, pasturing their animals in the marshes of the Nile. 13
TRANSPORTATION: The Nile River was the highway that joined the country together. Up until the nineteenth century, travel by land was virtually unknown. 14
Why was the Nile River a gift for the Egyptians? Essential Question 15
Geography & HEI of Egypt ISN p.5 CUES NOTES • every year flooding provided fertile farmland in the desert and deposited silt • Ibis , white bird, would appear before the Nile would flood then the farmers could plant seeds • Nile River: longest river in the world and flows south to north • Built irrigation canals & flood dams • To expand their farmland, created a tool called a shaduf , was used to spread water across the desert to increase farmland • Grew flax plants and wove its fibers into fabric called linen used for clothing • Domesticated animals for food and service • Traded surplus goods along the Nile river • Fished and hunted wildlife • Mined copper and iron for tools/weapons • Used gold and gems for jewelry 16
How did work and social roles affect people in ancient Egypt? Essential Question ISN page 7 17
Division of Labor & Social Class Structure ISN p.7 EQ: How did work and social roles affect people in Ancient Egypt? CUES NOTES • People at the top ( government and royal family ) lived Using your Costa’s Levels of in palaces and ate fine food. Questioning- create a question(s) for these answers • People in the middle ( craft workers and scribes ) were Using your Costa’s Levels of well respected and often rich. Questioning- create a question(s) for these answers • The Egyptians at the bottom ( majority ) were poor Using your Costa’s Levels of and had to work very hard. Questioning- create a question(s) for these answers 18
Social Class Pyramid ISN p. 6 19
Why was religion a part of Egyptian culture and government? Essential Question 20
Religion & Government in Culture ISN p.9 EQ: Why was religion a part of Egyptian culture and government? CUES NOTES • Using your Costa’s Afterlife/Life After Death- Believed in a happy afterlife, Levels of or life to follow death. Questioning- • Polytheistic/Many Gods- Religion guided every aspect create a question(s) for of Egyptian life, around 2,000 gods & goddesses. these answers • Mummification- Egyptians thought they would need their bodies in an afterlife, so they embalmed, or preserved, the body after death. Using your Costa’s • government was both a monarchy , a government ruled by one Levels of person (the Pharaoh), and a theocracy which is a government Questioning- create a ruled by a religious leader or leaders. question(s) for • Pharaohs were god – kings making it a Theocracy. these answers • For 1,000s of years, Egypt remained a unified country ruled by a series of dynasties. • They built pyramids to honor pharaohs. 21 Brainpop-Egyptian Pharaohs
Don’t forget you have a QUIZ on Thursday! Study your created Cue questions and highlighted notes. Can You Solve King Tut’s Death? Handout:Can You Solve King Tut’s death? For each piece of evidence, state what you believe it reveals about the cause of King Tut’s death. Does the evidence support murder, not murder, or both? Based on the evidence, justify your reasoning (why or why not) in complete sentences. Grading: 1pt- conventions, 2pts-cause of death and justified reasoning per piece of evidence 27
Explain how the knowledge and advancements of ancient Egyptians affect people today? Essential Question Mankind and Engineering Video 30
Cultural and Scientific Achievements ISN p. 11 EQ: How does the knowledge and advancements of Ancient Egyptians affect people today? CUES NOTES Hieroglyphs: Writing system using pictures and ✱ Using your Costa’s symbols. Levels of Questioning- Architecture: Measured fields and built pyramids ✱ create a using triangles question(s) for these answers Astronomy: Around 4000 BCE, developed a 365- ✱ Using your Costa’s Levels of Questioning- day calendar based on the star, Sirius. create a question(s) Geometry: Surveyors measured the land using for these answers ✱ rope with knots for distance Medicine: Doctors treated physical injuries, ✱ examined patients, conducted tests, and used surgical instruments Mummification: helped a person attain ✱ Using your Costa’s Levels of Questioning- immortality in the Afterlife create a question(s) Papyrus: A paper like material used to write on. for these answers ✱ 31
Hieroglyph The word HIEROGLYPH ✱ literally means "sacred carvings". The Egyptians first used hieroglyphs for inscriptions carved or painted on temple walls. This form of PICTORIAL ✱ WRITING was also used on: Sheets of papyrus ✱ Wooden boards covered with a ✱ stucco wash Potsherds ✱ Fragments of limestone ✱ https://www.youtube.com/w ✱ atch?v=K2sj_Z6lJdo 32
Papyrus To make the paper-like writing material, the ✱ exterior of the PAPYRUS stem was discarded and the interior was cut into thin strips. The strips were soaked in water and beaten ✱ to break down and flatten the fibers. They were then layered crosswise and ✱ Papyrus Plant lengthwise to produce a sheet, which was beaten again to mesh the strips together. Weights were placed on the sheets while ✱ they dried. Once dry, the sheets were rolled up and ✱ stored until needed. 33
Pharaoh Contributions ISN pg. 25 35
Pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut 36
Pharaoh Ramses II 37
Pharaoh Akhenaton 38
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