Efficiency of using presentation techniques in teaching foreign languages Кармелюк А.В., Тулегенова А.М. Евразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н.Гумилева ( Казахстан ) В данной статье рассматривается проблема информатизации учебного процесса, в частности использование технологии презентации на занятиях иностранного языка. Цель сообщения - заострить внимание на тех ключевых правилах или моментах, которых должны придерживаться при презентации материала. Берілген мақалада оқу процессінің ақпараттандыру мәселесі қарастырылады, әсіресе шетел тілдері сабағында презентация технологиясының қолдану . Материалды презентация технологиясы арқылы ұсыну кезінде сақтайтын негізгі ережелер мен нұсқауларға назар аудару баяндаманың мақсаты болып келеді. The usage of information technologies in different spheres of human activities, including the process of education is becoming more and more actual. In native and foreign publications the informatization of the educational process is considered as one of the most actual factors in teaching either subject. New information technologies increase the motivation to learning a foreign language and developing knowledge and culture of students, and in particular conditions can be effectively used in the process of teaching. In this article we will research such fact as using the presentation techniques to increase the motivation of students to learn a foreign language and how teacher can use these techniques to develop their communicative skills. Teachers of English as a foreign language, who want to develop successful lessons faces different problems: lack of material, lack of technologies etc. Another challenge is student who does not have any motivation for lessons. According to Hammer, uncooperative and unmotivated students are a serious problem and can easily disrupt the instructional process [1, 10]. The core of the motivation‟s lack is laid in the methods and techniques a teacher choose to perform the material. As Mary Finocchiaro said “Student growth depends to a large extent upon you r own professional growth. In a dynamic field such as ours, no teacher can afford to remain at a standstill. We should keep up with new findings, with new materials, and with the report of teaching and learning experiences of our colleagues” [5, 199]. An important part of teaching foreign language is introducing new language features i.e. a new grammar structure or new vocabulary teachers use different methods. The way of introduction of these features is often called “presentation”. There are many differen t ways of presenting new language and it is important to use a variety of techniques and methods in your teaching to make your teaching process more grabbing, interesting, and effective. Method is an overall plan for orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon the selected approach. A technique is implementation – which actually takes place in a classroom. It is particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques must be consistent with a method [6, 40]. Presentation techniques such as sound imitation; drawing; illustration etc. are primary methods of techniques used on lessons. 10 years ago laboratory tape-recorder, phonographs, radio, closed-circuit television were widely popular with teachers. Nowadays computers and their numerous appliances and program enjoy a great value in effectiveness of teaching a foreign language. This number of device keeps proving its effectiveness in delivering lessons. Using techniques, for example pictures, in your presentations instead of words can double the chances of meeting your objectives. But according to Leonard Bloomfield “The various „methods and techniques‟ which have been elaborated differ greatly in the mere exposition, but far less in actual classroom practice. The result depends very little upon the theoretical basis of presentation, and very much upon the conditions of teaching and on the competence of the teacher … ”. The basic requirement to determin e the success of the work is the teacher‟s ability to show his technical competence in certain phases of linguistics. Even a well-planned and well-structured presentation can almost be ineffective because of bad presentation delivery . The delivery phase can make or ruin a presentation. We represent some key factors in the successful delivery of a presentation: 1. Rehearse . Practice makes for perfect performance. Many experts say that rehearsal is the biggest single thing that you can do to improve your performance. Perform your presentation out loud at least four times.
2. Timing . Timing is of crucial importance. Do not ramble or talk needlessly. Some people simply freeze, and some can not sit down when they got on their feet to talk. The amount of time required for a given presentation should be determined in advance. As a general guide, one slide needs 1 - 1.5 minutes. So, if your presentation very much and you may not succeed in conveying your message. 3. Personal Approach . Personal features of the speaker have a major impact on how the presentation is received. There are four aspects, i.e. gesture, voice, eye contact, and breathing. Gesture can be used to highlight points or to make additional emphasis when needed. However, do not repeat the same gesture for more than twenty times in a single presentation. Voice is critical. The speaker should use sufficient volume to be heard. Modulation is also important. It is the process of varying the pitch or level of the voice. Speaking in a monotone manner or at the same level might put the audience to sleep. Monotonous high level voice should also be avoided; it may be tiring to listen to. Eye contact is the process of looking at the eyes of the audience as often as possible. You will gain trust, involvement and interest. It is also important to face the audience, and not look too frequently at the screen. The smaller the size of audience, the more eye contact is needed. Breathing is important to continue to talk in a loud voice. Breathing can also be used to generate a pause, and to emphasize an earlier discussed point. 4. Tell stories . The presentation is a type of theatre. To make reading easy and interesting you can illustrate main events on slide as well or prepare video on it. Tell stories and anecdotes to help illustrate points. It all helps to make your presentation more effective and memorable. 5. Use of Visual Aids . Visual aids help to make a presentation more effective, mainly because they crystallize ideas, and they assist in the retention of information. Visual aids also keep the speaker on track and generate interest. Rules to observe when preparing visual aids: - Keep it simple : There is an old adage that said – “No one ever complained of a presentation being too short.” Nothing kills a presentation more than going on too long. Remember to keep visual aids simple, so that the audience can easily understand the concepts. A complicated or vague visual aid is counter- productive. - Minimize words : Keep the amount of text minimal, to avoid the audience spending time with reading the visual aid and not listening to you. - Use large fonts : Make text and numbers large, so that the audience can read it easily. - List key points: Make sure that the key points are shown clearly. This will help the audience to retain the information. - Use exact phrasing : Since the ideas are summarized into key points, there is no margin for vague or imprecise wording. - Use color: The use of color can highlight key points. - Prepare Handout: If you prepare handouts, along with visual aids, your audience can make notes on the handout. Preparing the presentation one is supposed to take into account the important elements: context, clarification of meaning, controlled practice, and picture presentation, whichever technique or method is followed. For preparing visual aids there are a great number of modern computer programs of Microsoft Office Program, as Power Point, Office Publisher, and Movie Maker with ready-made patterns. We represent some steps which are more, or less important, to tail the presentation. Step1: Situation analysis. It is essential to make the message to match the audience's expectations. First, be very clear about the type of presentation and its objective, i.e. whether it is persuasive or instructional. Second , assess the audience and the situation carefully. How big will it be, who will be present, what possible resistance is there, what is the level of knowledge, and, most important, how much time is available. Step 2: Theme/title. The theme/title should be brief, direct, and meaningful. Do not develop a long winded theme, and assume that it will become obvious during the presentation. It may lead to distraction of the audience. Step 3: Story line. Write a story line covering the major elements of the presentation. It involves breaking down the theme into major components. It should be logical and not be too long; fewer than 5 topics are generally manageable. Developing a storyboard is simply breaking down the story line into its major parts or ideas. Once you have developed the storyboard, you have the basic framework of your
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