NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY CONFERENCE 18-20 September 2012 Teaching Energy Efficiency – Context, Concepts and Challenges S.K. Chou Dept of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Studies Institute National University of Singapore
Outline Context – Why teach energy efficiency? Concepts – What’s involved and what competencies are needed? What are the core concepts? What resources and materials are available? Challenges – Are we not there yet? Policy, and incentives, and role of institutions,
What motivates the teaching of energy efficiency? Grand challenges to Singapore’s energy system Energy security Reliability of energy supply Affordability of energy resources Climate change Decarbonizing the energy system Integrating new and renewable energy technologies Balancing the supply and demand Demand side and supply side management Optimization within the energy system
International Energy Agency (IEA) - Energy Technology Perspectives Supply Side CCS fossil-fuel power generation Nuclear power plants Onshore and offshore wind Biomass IGCC & co-combustion Photovoltaic systems Concentrating solar power Coal: integrated-gasification combined cycle Coal: ultra-supercritical 2nd generation biofuels Liquid Natural Gas Demand Side Energy efficiency in buildings and appliances Heat pumps Solar space and water heating Energy efficiency in transport Electric and plug-in vehicles H 2 fuel cell vehicles CCS industry, H 2 and fuel transformation Industrial motor systems
Contribution of emission reduction options in 2005-2050 Energy Procedia 1 (2009) 4297 – 4306 -Elsevier
Capability and capacity to meet the challenges of rising energy demand and climate change Supply Side Alternative and clean energy sources Efficient use of conventional energy sources Energy storage systems Efficient energy distribution systems Demand Side Energy efficiency across sectors Price signals Standards and energy labeling Energy efficient transport systems Education
Build the Energy Industry and Invest in Energy R&D Singapore’s energy industry is centered on oil refining and trading, with spin -offs into the chemicals, oil-field equipment manufacturing, shipping and logistics industries Source: MTI
Build the Energy Industry and Invest in Energy R&D Source: MTI Singapore seeks to develop a comprehensive energy industry sector given that energy is a key sector of its economy (contributing around 4.5% to the GDP in 2006) Aim: To increase the value added from Singapore’s energy industry from $20 billion to $34 billion by 2015, and to triple the employment in this sector from 5,700 to 15,300
Energy Efficiency in Singapore Energy efficiency as a key strategy to achieving energy policy objectives (energy intensity is the efficiency metric). Singapore’s energy intensity improved by 15% between 1990 and 2005 due to the adoption of better technology in power generation and the more productive use of energy in other sectors. Energy Savings Target: Reduce energy intensity from 2005 level by 20% by 2020 and by 35% by 2030 Source: E 2 Singapore
The Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E 2 PO) The government posits that Energy efficiency is a cost-effective means of mitigating GHG emissions and improving the competiveness of Singapore’s Industries. Although energy efficiency makes financial sense, energy efficiency measures may not be implemented due to market barriers such as the lack of information and capability. To drive energy efficiency improvement in Singapore, the Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E 2 PO), a multi-agency committee led by NEA has been established. NEA: National Environmental Agency; EMA: Energy Market Authority; EDB: Economic Development Board, BCA: Building and Construction Authority; LTA: Land Transport Authority
The Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E 2 PO) The E 2 PO identified the following areas for action in developing a holistic energy efficiency strategy and master plan for Singapore: Promoting the adoption of energy efficient technologies and measures by addressing the market barriers to energy efficiency Building capability to drive and sustain energy efficiency efforts and to develop the local knowledge base and expertise in energy management Raising awareness to reach out to the public and businesses so as to stimulate energy efficient behaviour and practices Supporting research & development to enhance Singapore’s capability in energy efficient technologies
The Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E 2 PO) A sectoral approach targeted at each of the five sectors, namely, power generation, industry, transport, buildings and households. Source: E 2 Singapore
Energy Efficiency: Power Generation Implemented a competitive electricity market that incentivises efficient power generation From 2000 to 2006, the electricity generated by natural gas has increased from 19% to 78%. Overall power generation efficiency has improved from 38% in 2000 to 44% in 2007 . Source: EMA
Energy Efficiency: Power Generation Promote co-generation and tri- generation A combined demand for electricity and heating must be present Co-generation and tri-generation facilities would have to be sited in close proximity to industries in need of the utilities. The government is set to integrate such facilities into the on-going and future industrial planning. Source: E 2 Singapore
Energy Efficiency: Industry Energy Efficiency Improvement Assistance Scheme (EASe) An energy appraisal can identify degraded plant components that contribute to overall efficiency losses and enable a company to take the necessary corrective actions. EASe was set up to encourage and help companies, which may not have the in-house energy management expertise, to engage energy consultants to conduct energy appraisals Under EASe, NEA co-funds up to 50% of the cost of energy appraisals for buildings and industrial facilities. Each dollar spent on an energy appraisal uncovers about $5-10 annual savings in energy costs
Energy Efficiency: Industry Grant for Energy Efficient Technologies (GREET) S$22.8 million (from 2011-2013) has been pledged This is in addition to the S$22 million that has already been dibusbursed since 2008 Energy Service Company (ESCO) Accreditation Scheme The objective is to enhance the professionalism and quality of services offered. This, in turn, will enhance confidence in the energy services sector and help promote the growth of the industry. Design for Efficiency Scheme E 2 PO has introduced a Design for Efficiency Scheme to help companies incorporate efficiency considerations early in the conceptual design phase of a new facility. Investment Allowance (IA) Scheme To encourage companies to invest in energy efficient equipment, EDB administers an Investment Allowance (IA) Scheme that is a capital allowance on qualifying equipment cost that allows a deduction against all chargeable income.
Energy Efficiency: Transportation In 2010, the public transport modal share stood at 63% during morning peak hours. Intends to increase the public transport modal share to over 70% in the next 10-15 years. Source: LTA
Energy Efficiency: Transportation The Fuel Economy Label Fuel economy labels are affixed to vehicles at the point of sale to provide information on the vehicle’s fuel economy. The Green Vehicle Rebate To further promote the purchase of cleaner and more energy efficient vehicles such as hybrid cars, the Green Vehicle Rebate was enhanced in 2006 from 20% to 40% of the Open Market Value. Easing traffic congestion for better fuel economy LTA will continue to manage road congestion through infrastructure development and refinement of car ownership and usage restraint measures such as the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system.
Energy Efficiency: Buildings Green Mark Buildings* The Green Mark scheme is a green building rating system launched by BCA in 2005 to evaluate a building for its environmental impact and performance. Buildings are awarded Certified, Gold, GoldPLUS or Platinum rating depending on the points scored on the key criteria including energy efficiency. New and retrofitted buildings with a gross floor area (GFA) above 5000m 2 that has achieved “Gold” Green Mark and above will be awarded cash incentives Source: BCA based on GFA and the Green Mark rating achieved. *Since 2008, all buildings with a gross floor area > 2000 sq. feet must meet the Green Mark Standards
Energy Efficiency: Buildings EASe for Buildings Energy appraisals are also utilized in the buildings sector to identify potential improvements in energy efficiency and to plan appropriate measures to improve energy performance. SingPost carried out an energy appraisal funded through the EASe scheme. The air-conditioning system was retrofitted and optimized to achieve a coefficient of performance of 5.9. While the project cost $2m to implement, the expected annual saving in energy cost SingPost Center is $1.2m . Source: BCA
Recommend
More recommend
