Efficiency and agility: in secure hardware and in life! Nele - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Efficiency and agility: in secure hardware and in life! Nele Mentens KU Leuven, ESAT, imec-COSIC and ES&S nele.mentens@kuleuven.be High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Secure hardware: Why? What? How? High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Security in electronic sytems • Security is crucial in electronic systems that store, process or communicate data that are personal or company-critical. • Security mechanisms should have a minimal impact on ‐ the power/energy consumption, ‐ the performance, security ‐ the cost of the electronic system. high performance low power/energy low cost High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Examples of applications Different applications have different requirements: low energy – pacemaker low power – RFID access control high performance – video conferencing low cost – disposable medical sensors High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Cryptographic hardware • For some applications, software running on a general-purpose processor is sufficient to meet the requirements. • But many important applications require the most demanding computations, like cryptographic operations, to be done in hardware. configurable domain-specific general- hardware processor purpose (e.g. DSP) (e.g. FPGA) processor ASIC High performance Low power/energy consumption Low High Low cost (for large volumes) High High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Cryptographic hardware • For some applications, software running on a general-purpose processor is sufficient to meet the requirements. • But many important applications require the most demanding computations, like cryptographic operations, to be done in hardware. configurable domain-specific general- hardware processor purpose (e.g. DSP) (e.g. FPGA) processor ASIC High performance Low power/energy consumption Low High Low cost (for large volumes) High High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Cryptographic hardware • In this presentation, two important goals in cryptographic hardware design are addressed. High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Cryptographic hardware • In this presentation, two important goals in cryptographic hardware design are addressed. – Goal #1: efficiency High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Cryptographic hardware • In this presentation, two important goals in cryptographic hardware design are addressed. – Goal #1: efficiency – Goal #2: agility High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Motivation Cryptographic hardware • In this presentation, two important goals in cryptographic hardware design are addressed. – Goal #1: efficiency – Goal #2: agility High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Goal #1: Efficiency Efficiency: Why? What? How? High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Goal #1: Hardware technology • Traditional technology research concentrates on shrinking

Efficiency Goal #1: Hardware technology • Traditional technology research concentrates on shrinking • It is difficult to keep up the pace of Moore’s law – due to physical challenges, – due to the high cost for silicon manufacturing … plants to move to the next process node. …

Efficiency Goal #1: Hardware technology • Traditional technology research concentrates on shrinking • It is difficult to keep up the pace of Moore’s law – due to physical challenges, – due to the high cost for silicon manufacturing … plants to move to the next process node. • Emerging technologies are proposed to improve efficiency …

Efficiency Goal #1: Research focus • We currently concentrate on three emerging technologies: – Ultra low-cost circuits on flexible plastic substrates – Ultra low-power/low-energy circuits in deep submicron technology • 28 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technology – Ultra high-performance network intrusion detection on FPGA • 200 Gbps Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA platforms using 16 nm FinFET technology low cost low power low energy high performance High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Goal #1: Research focus • We currently concentrate on three emerging technologies: – Ultra low-cost circuits on flexible plastic substrates – Ultra low-power/low-energy circuits in deep submicron technology • 28 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technology – Ultra high-performance network intrusion detection on FPGA • 200 Gbps Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA platforms using 16 nm FinFET technology • Research question: how do cryptographic circuits behave in these emerging technologies? – with respect to performance, power/energy consumption, and cost – with respect to security threats High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Goal #1: Research focus • We currently concentrate on three emerging technologies: – Ultra low-cost circuits on flexible plastic substrates – Ultra low-power/low-energy circuits in deep submicron technology • 28 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technology – Ultra high-performance network intrusion detection on FPGA • 200 Gbps Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA platforms using 16 nm FinFET technology • Research question: how do cryptographic circuits behave in these emerging technologies? – with respect to performance, power/energy consumption, and cost – with respect to security threats High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Displays • Widespread commercial use in flexible displays • Millions of thin-film transistors controlling the pixels High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Digital circuits • Large potential for flexible digital circuits in (passive) RFID/NFC chips, integrated in paper or plastics • Examples: – Flexible labels – Intelligent packages – Smart blisters – Electronic medical patches High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Digital circuits • Circuits that have already been fabricated: – NFC transponder – 8-bit microprocessor with limited instruction set High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Transistor technology – comparison with silicon silicon (10 nm) plastics (5 µm) Core supply 0.7 V 5-10 V Higher power consumption voltage Charge carrier 500-1500 cm 2 /Vs 2-20 cm 2 /Vs Lower performance mobility Transistor 10 3 -10 4 per cm 2 Larger area ~ 45 mio per mm 2 density Semiconductor Unipolar logic n-type and p-type only n-type type Cost per 1000 Lower cost > 0.3 USD > 0.01 USD transistors Flexible? no yes Bendable, stretchable High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Non-volatile memory technology • We need non-volatile memory to store values, such as cryptographic keys, after fabrication • On plastic substrates, electrically readable/writable memory (e.g. flash) does not exist • Two one-time programmable storage mechanisms are used: – Additive method: connect wires with conductive ink – Modificative method: cut wires with a laser High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Security challenge • To secure the communication between the flexible tag and the reader, many hurdles need to be overcome High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Security challenge • To secure the communication between the flexible tag and the reader, many hurdles need to be overcome • We concentrate on two challenges: – First challenge: integrate working crypto cores in the flexible chip • #transistors in crypto cores > #transistors in flexible chips reported up to now • #transistors   reliability  High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Flexible electronics on plastics Goal #1: Security challenge • To secure the communication between the flexible tag and the reader, many hurdles need to be overcome • We concentrate on two challenges: – First challenge: integrate working crypto cores in the flexible chip • #transistors in crypto cores > #transistors in flexible chips reported up to now • #transistors   reliability  – Second challenge: prevent the key bits from being read out • The chips are not packaged and the features are relatively large • The available non-volatile memory technology allows the key bits to be read out easily under a microscope High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Goal #1: First challenge: crypto core on plastics • 4044 TFTs • 331.5 mm 2  48 pads for I/O, V DD , V bias and GND High-Tech Women, TU Darmstadt, March 4, 2020

Efficiency Goal #1: First challenge: crypto core on plastics level shifters FPGA chip probe card