Economic Development A public health issue Economic development: A - PDF document

3/8/17 Economic Development A public health issue Economic development: A public health issue disclaimer I’m not selling anything and I’m not making any money off anything. Economic development: a public health issue objectives • Demonstrate the connections between health and wealth • Discuss means of implementing income generation in simulated development projects • Describe the importance of sustainability considerations with any development project 1

3/8/17 Economic development: a public health issue introduction • “Health (like education) is among the basic capabilities that gives value to human life” Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen • “Health is Wealth” • “Wealth is Health?” Economic development: a public health issue definitions • “Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people” Wikipedia • “Economic development is… the focus of… governments to improve our standard of living through the creation of jobs, the support of innovation and new ideas, the creation of higher wealth, and the creation of an overall better quality of life” Study.co • “ Economic development” … refers to improvements in a variety of indicators such as literacy rates, life expectancy, and poverty rates. Salmon Valley • Create your own definition Economic development: a public health issue Malawi experience • “development” meant giving more grant money, building buildings, creating jobs. Etc. • Throw money at a problem. Not sustainable. Silo programs. • Comprehensive, sustainable approach to development that addresses our basic human needs with justice. 2

3/8/17 Economic development: a public health issue health creates wealth • health can affect income, worker productivity, children’s education, savings and investment. • Maternal health and nutrition may affect physical and cognitive development and economic success of her offspring. • Certain low cost health investments make sense for return on investment. Economic development: a public health issue health creates wealth 2 • Investments in certain high prevalence high morbidity diseases that cause reduction in economic productivity make sense from a public health standpoint. • Healthy workers lose less time from work and are more productive when working • Childhood health improves cognitive development and learning • Ideas production and creativity are adversely affected by poor health Economic development: a public health issue wealth creates health • Higher incomes promote better health through improved nutrition, better access to safe water and sanitation, and increased ability to purchase more and better-quality health care. • Both income and wealth are related to health measures • Improved health related in income within each ethnic group • Enjoy better nutrition • Access preventive healthcare more frequently 3

3/8/17 Figure 1: Income and Life Expectancy 2005 Figure 1. Self-Report of Fair or Poor Health, by Income, 2011 Percentage of adults 22.8 % 12.9 % 9.4 % 7.0 % 5.6 % Less than $35,000 $ 35,000–49,999 $50,000–74,999 $ 75,000–99,999 $100,000 or more Annual family income Figure 2. Feelings of Worthlessness, Hopelessness, and Sadness All or most of the Time, by Income, 2011 Percentage of adults Sadness Hopelessness Worthlessness 6.4% 4.6% 3.8% 3.2% 2.3% 2.3% 1.9% 1.5% 1.3 % 1.2 % 1.1% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% Less than $35,000 $35,000–49,999 $50,000–74,999 $75,000–99,999 $100,000 or more Annual family income Source: J. S., Schiller, J. W. Lucas, and J. A. Peregoy, “Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2011.” Vital and Health Statistics 10, no. 256 (2012): 1–207, table 14. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/se 4

3/8/17 Figure 3. Life expectancy, by Income, 1988–98 Years an adult can expect to live after age 25 55.7 53.8 51 . 4 49.2 Less than 100% 101–200 % 201–400% More than 400% Family income (percent of FPL) Economic development: a public health issue wealth creates health 2 • Housing, transportation, schools, jobs, advertising disparities • Dramatic life expectancy differences based on income within regions and within cities • Increased healthcare costs for low income families • Both investments in health and in economic development make sense because they are related to each other in improving development and human welfare. Economic development: a public health issue wealth disparities • Between 2009 and 2012, earnings in the top 1 percent of the income distribution grew by 31.4 percent, compared to 0.4 percent for the bottom 99 percent • 200 richest people have as much as the poorest 41% of the world’s population • Increasing GDP or average income doesn’t affect health of the population, unless… 5

3/8/17 Economic disparities: a public health issue China’s progress and challenges • Tremendous progress has been made in average income and health; however, • Health disparities for migrants • Health disparities for mentally ill • Health disparities for rural elderly Economic development: a public health issue wealth creates health, except sometimes- • Health systems matter- public policies on public smoking; ebola epidemic • One epidemic can create outliers- HIV in sub-Saharan Africa- longevity no longer matches income • Public health improvements 1950’s improved longevity while income declined • It is not so much the aggregate growth in income but the elimination of poverty that matters Economic development: a public health issue case studies • Tribal Peace Project • Rural U.S. homeless project • Remote family medicine development 6

3/8/17 Economic development: a public health issue case studies • Discussion Economic development: a public health issue conclusions • Bringing people out of poverty is one of the most transformative and effective means of improving health outcomes • Whenever feasible, every intervention should have as one of its goals financial sustainability and improving income generation • Your thoughts Economic development: a public health issue bibliography • Baum, Fran: “Wealth and health: the need for more strategic public health research,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health vol 59 issue 7. • Biciunaite, Audre: “Economic Growth and Life Expectancy- Do Wealthier Countries Live Longer?” • Bloom, David, David Canning: “Population Health and Economic Development,” Commission on Growth and Development, Working paper No 24 • Collins, Francis: “Growing Importance of Health in the Economy,” NIH. • Deaton, Angus: “Health, Income, and Inequality,” National Bureau of Economic Research, Research Summary, Spring 2003. • Frenk, Julio: “Health and the economy; a vital relationship,” OECD Observer No 243, May 2004. • Liu, S, SM Griffiths; “From economic development to public health improvement: China faces equity challenges,” Public Health. 2011 Oct;125(10):669-74. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Sep 9. 7

3/8/17 Economic development: a public health issue bibliography 2 • Marquez, Patricio; “Can improved health conditions contribute to long- term economic growth?” The World Bank. Investing in Health: news and views in healthy development, 11/14/2012. • Ogbobine, Rume: “The Role of Health in Economic Growth and Development,” A term paper, January, 2012. • Sachs, Jeffrey: “Health and wealth: Improved health does not always make countries richer,” The Economist, Nov 20 2008 • Salmon Valley Business and Innovation Center, “What is Economic Development?” • Study.com, “What is Economic Development?” • Wikipedia, “Economic Development” • Woolf, Steven, Sarah Simon, Laudon Aron, Lisa Dubay, Emily Zimmerman, Kim Iuk: “How Are Income And Wealth and Income Linked to Health and Longevity?” VCU Center on Society and Health 8