Maritime Security in West & Central Africa DR KAMAL-DEEN ALI (Captain, Ghana Navy) Executive Director PMAWCA HABOUR MASTERS NETWORK 2017
Regional Maritime Security Threat Profile Piracy Other Crimes Trafficking IUU/ Depleting Fish Stocks
PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY INCIDENTS SENEGAL TO ANGOLA PARICY 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 INCIDENTS INCIDENT 37 44 45 34 28 27 43 COMMITTED INCIDENT 10 17 19 20 17 8 19 ATTEMPTED TOTAL 47 61 64 54 45 35 62 Mapping of Attacks in West Africa, 2016 SOURCE : IMO & OCEAN BEYOND PIRACY
REGIONAL PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY STATISTICS PIRACY INCIDENTS 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Senegal Guinea-Bissau Guinea 6 5 3 1 3 3 Sierra Leone 1 1 2 1 Liberia 1 1 1 Ivory Coast 4 1 5 4 3 1 1 Ghana 2 2 1 4 2 2 Benin 5 1 1 Togo 6 15 7 2 1 Nigeria 19 10 27 29 18 12 31 Cameroon 5 1 1 Equatorial Guinea Sao Tome & Principe 1 Gabon 2 1 DR Congo 3 4 2 1 2 2 The Congo 1 3 4 3 7 2 5 Angola 1 1 1 IMB Reports 2010-2014
CONTINUITY Transnational Scope of Piracy MT MAXIMUS INCIDENT 2016 • Vessel hijacked south of Ivory Coast • Traversed Coasts of 6 States • Surveillance and pursuit by regional navies & USS Spearhead, with foreign intel assistance • Opposed boarding by Nigerian Navy off Equatorial Guinea Source: OBP CHANGE Rise in Ransom Hijacking/Violence
Maritime Security and Energy Security 3000 2500 Global Oil Price Volatility 2000 1500 1000 Nigerian Recession 500 0 Loss of Oil Revenue 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Decline in Oil Output Rise in Oil Pipeline Attacks Governance Deficits in Niger Delta Region
Poor Fisheries Governance Regional Security Implications 1 4 DECLINING LINING FOO OOD STOCK CK SECURITY URITY Vulnerabilities & Inter-State Conflicts Crime R 3 2 COLLAP LAPSE SED D DEPLETING LETING STOCK CK STOC OCK Inter-State Tensions Intra and Cross Community Violence
Regional Maritime Security Framework UNSC Resolutions 2018 (Oct 2011) and 2039 (Feb 2012) Yaoundé Summit 2013 Adoption of three Documents: • Declaration by Heads of State and Government • Memorandum of Understanding • The Code of Conduct (Ycc)
GoG Security Architecture CMC Zone E - Cotonou - Bénin CMC Zone D - Douala - Cameroun CIC - Yaoundé - Cameroun CRESMAO - Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire CRESMAC - Pointe Noire - Congo CIC : Centre Interrégional de Coordination CRESMAO : Centre Régional de Sécurité Maritime de l’Afrique de l’Ouest CRESMAC : Centre Régional de Sécurité Maritime de l’Afrique Centrale MMCC/CMC : Centre Multinational de Coordination
FUTURE OF MARITIME SAFETY & SECURITY National-Global Interventions • Understand Spectrum of Maritime Security Threats • Identify Legal Complexities and Governance Gaps • Address the Land-Sea Continuum • Enhance Institutional Capacity • Synergy of Partnerships – Collaboration & Coordination • Implementation of the Yaoundé Framework
CEMLAWS AFRICA 20 2017 TRA RAINING PR PROGRA RAMMES ES
2017 TRA RAINING PR PROGRA RAMMES LAW OF THE SEA & CURRENT DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA PROGRAMME MODULES » Introduction to International Law and the Law of the Sea » Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries » Regime of Internal Waters » Nature and Legal Regime of the Territorial Sea » Jurisdiction & Enforcement in the Contiguous Zone » Special Regimes including Straits & Archipelagos » Nature & Legal regime of the Continental Shelf » The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) » The High Seas/Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) » Maritime Claims of African States » International Legal Framework for Fisheries, Marine Pollution & Exploitation of Seabed Resources including Oil & gas » Law of the Sea Institutions – ISA, CLCS, ITLOS » Settlement of Maritime Disputes
20 2017 TRA RAINING PR PROGRA RAMMES ES MARITIME REGULATION & ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMME MODULES » Overview of Maritime Zones » Jurisdictional Competence in the Law of the Sea Convention » Framework for Enforcement (Port State, Coastal State, Flag State) » Maritime Security & Implications » International Framework and Responses to : Piracy & Armed Robbery, Illegal Migration by Sea, Trafficking in Persons and in Drugs, Illegal Fisheries, Maritime Pollution & Environmental Protection, Security of Oil & Gas Platforms. » International Port Security Code » Oil Pollution & Compensation Framework » Ship Management & Administration » Maritime Domain Awareness and Surveillance » Oil & Gas and Marine Renewable Energy
2017 TRA RAINING PR PROGRA RAMMES MARITIME SECURITY & TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME PROGRAMME MODULES » The Law of the Sea Framework » Concept of Security & Maritime Security » Maritime Security Threats - Piracy, IUU, Illegal Trafficking of Persons, Weapons and Drugs, & Other Transnational Maritime Crimes. » Threat Nexus & Impact - Implications for Peace, Security, Stability & Development » Global Responses & Framework for Maritime Security » Regional Responses & Framework for Maritime Security :- South-East Asia, Somalia & the Gulf of Guinea » Africa Union Framework - The 2050 AIM Strategy, Lome Charter & Agenda 2063 » Multilateral Efforts at Enhancing Maritime Security in Africa – US, France, UK, China & the EU » Investigation & Prosecution of Maritime Security Incidents » Special Case Studies – Piracy, Drug Trafficking & IUU » Special Case Study – Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea & South East Asia
MARITIME ADMINISTRATION & SHIPPING LAW PROGRAMME MODULES » Introduction to Shipping Law » Management of Maritime Institutions » Ship Management & Operations » Port Management, Logistics & Operations » Mechanisms for Port, Coastal & Flag State Control » The International Maritime Organisation – Charter, Resolutions, Divisions & Committees » The ISPS Code & Best Practices » Special Conventions & Instruments including COLREG, MARPOL, STCW, SUA, OPRC » Registration of Ships » Ship Mortgages & Charter Parties » Bill of Lading and Carriage of Goods by Sea » Special Subjects – Marine Insurance, Towage, Pilotage, Collisions, Salvage and Arrest of Ships » Marine Pollution and Compensation » Maritime Law and Risk Management
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