Diploma Thesis in Cooperation with LCM 2007 – Title: Material Flow Nets and Green Coffee Processing in Costa Rica Author: Kirsten-Verena Bull
Diploma Thesis in Cooperation with Contact: Dr. Jeffrey R. Jones Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernd Page Laboratory GIS, CATIE University of Hamburg, Germany Turrialba, Costa Rica Department of Informatics Tel: (00 506) 558-2333 eMail: page@informatik.uni- eMail : jjones@catie.ac.cr hamburg.de Martina Prox Kirsten-Verena Bull ifu Hamburg GmbH, Diploma Thesis in Hamburg, Germany Business Administration & Informatics University of Hamburg, Germany www. ifu.com eMail: m.prox@ifu.com eMail: verena.bull@web.de
Diploma Thesis in Cooperation with Thesis: The EMIS-Software Umberto for Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) of Green Coffee Processing Plants with Focus on Beneficios in Costa Rica Author: Kirsten-Verena Bull
General Context Introduction Coffee Market Foundations • Second largest commodity trade in the world after petroleum • Some 70 to 80 producer countries and 20 key consumer countries Data • An estimated total of 100 million people are directly related to the sector Collection • Structural changes caused decrease of prices for green coffee • Dependent on the country: economic, social and environmental problems First Various efforts for compensation � inherent documentation requirements • Evaluation Conclusions Environmental Informatics & Outlook • New research field in informatics since approximately 1993 • Provision of information basis for solution of environmental problems • EMIS aid to systematically obtain, process and present environmentally relevant information in the business domain for routine environmental management and strategic decision making General Context Objective
Objective Introduction Analysis and presentation of possibilities and requirements of the application of the EMIS-System Umberto and the underlying concept of Foundations Material Flow Nets for environmental performance evaluation of green coffee processing plants Data Collection Focus on two beneficios in Costa Rica First Evaluation Concentration on implementation of Material Flow Nets with Umberto. Consideration also of assessment methods and reference modelling. No Conclusions evaluation of interfaces and environmental cost accounting with Umberto & Outlook Use of the ISO 14031 standard for environmental performance evaluation (EPE) as orientation and framework General Context Objective
Foundations Introduction Foundations Data Collection First Evaluation Conclusions & Outlook Based on the Plan-Do-Check- Act Cycle of ISO 14031:1999, data source: [DIN1999] Umberto MFN I/O B. & MF Anal. Ref. Models
The EMIS-System Umberto Introduction An EMIS is a “software-application for the acquisition, documentation and assessment of environmental impacts caused by corporate Foundations performance as well as for the generation, planning and management of environmental protection methods, thus supporting the tasks of corporate Data environmental management” ([Wohl2005], p. 144, own translation into English) Collection The EMIS-Software Umberto has originated in a cooperation of the ifu First Hamburg GmbH and ifeu Heidelberg GmbH Evaluation Conclusions The core concept of Umberto is called “Material Flow Nets” & Outlook Here: Focus on three aspects: material flow nets, Input/Output balances & material flow analysis, and reference modelling. Umberto MFN I/O B. & MF Anal. Ref. Models
Material Flow Nets Introduction Foundations Data Collection First Evaluation Conclusions & Outlook Umberto MFN I/O B. & MF Anal. Ref. Models
I/O Balances & MF Analyses (1) Introduction Foundations Data Collection First Evaluation Conclusions & Outlook Umberto MFN I/O B. & MF Anal. Ref. Models
I/O Balances & MF Analyses (2) Introduction Foundations Data Collection First Evaluation Conclusions & Outlook Umberto MFN I/O B. & MF Anal. Ref. Models
Reference Models Introduction Foundations Data Collection First Evaluation Conclusions & Outlook (Data source: see information on last slide) Umberto MFN I/O B. & MF Anal. Ref. Models
Data Collection Introduction Foundations Data Collection First Evaluation Conclusions & Outlook Based on the Plan-Do-Check- Act Cycle of ISO 14031:1999, data source: [DIN1999] Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
Excursus: eEPCs by ARIS Introduction Business Process: “target oriented cooperation of Basis Symbols business responsibilities in direct relation to strategic Foundations business goals. A business process consists of a sequence of temporally, spatially and logically Data interrelated procedures, tasks and functions, the Collection executing organizational units and the necessary control information. A business process is First crossfunctional or inter-organizational oriented and is Evaluation initiated and terminated by an event.” ([Krus1995], p. 24, own tr. into English) Conclusions & Outlook The ARIS-Methodology supports development of business processes. The eEPCs can also be reduced to Petri-Nets Application of lean modelling approach for eEPC, for definition of system limits Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
Green Coffee Processing – Overview (1) The green coffee beans are obtained from Introduction coffee cherries Foundations The two mainly cultivated species worldwide are “Coffea arabica” and “C. Data canephora var. robusta” Collection First The purpose of green coffee processing is Evaluation to reduce the water content of the fresh coffee cherries to some 11-12% Conclusions & Outlook Three different kinds of green coffee processing exist: Dry Processing, Wet Processing, Semi-Dry Processing Different influence factors on processing performance Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
Green Coffee Processing – Overview (2) System limits: Introduction • Place: Production sites, wet method, beneficios in Costa Foundations Rica, two beneficios Data • Time: Harvesting season, not Collection the maintenance time. Together with logical limit also reason for disregard of First the composting area and the Evaluation residual water treatment in lagoons Conclusions & Outlook • Logic: Wet and dry process of the wet method of green coffee processing. Waste management and material/energy supply only considered to some extent. Administration processes are not used in the models • Flows: Focus on the main material and energy flows typical in beneficios: coffee cherries as raw material and their succeeding intermediate products; burning materials and electric energy as operating materials. Costs are not regarded Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
Process Steps (1) Introduction Area Purpose - Collection, storage and separation of harvested coffee cherries Foundations Coffee 1 Reception - Decision about processing method Data - Cleaning of coffee cherries and separation of impurities Separation Collection 2 of Impurities - Separation of coffee cherries according to maturity - Separating the pulp (outer skin and mesocarp) of the coffee First Pulp Removal 3 cherries from the coffee beans by squeezing the beans out of the (Pulping and Evaluation Repassing) pulp Conclusions - Separation of pulped beans from other material Pulping & Outlook - Final separation of wet parchment beans 3 Output Pregrading - Direction of separated materials to different process steps Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
Process Steps (2) Introduction Area Purpose - Removal of residual parts of the mesocarp (insoluble in water Foundations Mucilage 4 and still tightly attached to the endocarp of the coffee bean) Removal Data - Washing of wet parchment coffee beans to remove the soluble Parchment 4 Bean Collection fermented mucilage Washing - Increasing temperature of wet beans and unripe coffee cherries First 5 for decrease of moisture content to about 12% to prevent Bean Evaluation Drying fermentation and allow storage - Generally performed via several drying steps 6 Conclusions - Preservation of bean characteristics and thus commercial value & Outlook Intermediate as long as possible. The recognized average ideal moisture 8 Storage content of beans at beginning of storage is about 12% Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
Process Steps (3) Introduction Area Purpose - Removal of parchment or complete pulp from dry parchment Bean Foundations Hulling and beans or dried coffee cherries 9 Polishing Data - Further grading of green coffee beans according to size, Collection density/gravity and colour - Grading allows more uniform roasting later but especially it Grading 9 First helps to meet demands of clients. Thus grading activities Evaluation determine the final qualities of green coffee beans leaving the green coffee processing plant Conclusions Process Water and Pulp Management & Outlook - Treatment of process water to minimize water consumption by recycling water and repassing 10 Waste Mana- gement & Op. - Environmentally safe disposal of wastewater M/E Supply 11 - Treatment of solid byproducts, especially pulp Provision of Hot Air - Supply of a stream of heated air or water to mechanical dryers Excursus GCP – Overview Process Steps Modelling
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