Digestive disorders of swine dr. Biksi Imre SZIE OTK Belgygyszati - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Digestive disorders of swine dr. Biksi Imre SZIE ÁOTK Belgyógyászati Tanszék és Klinika SZIE ÁOTK Nagyállatklinika 2012

Topics • Foreword • Diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus • Gastric ulcers, gastritis • Intestinal malpositions • Constipation • Enteritis • Colitis 2

Foreword • Swine internal medicine – Limited possibilities for clinical examination • Anatomical, physiological features – Limited therapeutic possibilities • Large scale (industrial) swine farms – Herd health management • Backyard farming – Financial constraints 3

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus • Vesiculogenic viral diseases – Foot and mouth disease (FMD), swine vesicular disease (SVD), vesicular exanthema of swine (VES), vesicular stomatitis – rostrum, oral cavity, claws 5

FMD (Soós, 1992)

Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus • Stomatitis – Physical – chemical causes • heat, acids, bases – Necrobacillosis • Mainly in suckling piglets – Teeth clipping! – Actinobacillosis – Stachybotryotoxicosis • Vesicular to necrotic lesions on the rostrum, in the mouth, around teets – Exsudative epidermitis • Staphylococcus hyicus 7

Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus • Tonsillitis – Pseudorabies – Swine fever – Anthrax – SVD • Sialoadenitis – Vitamin A deficiency – SVD 8

Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus • Clinical signs – salivation, dysphagia – Weight loss. emaciation!! • Treatment – Not feasible in large farms • Separate from the group, treat the underlying cause – Theoretically possible in small units • separation, „diet”, treat the underlying cause 9

Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus • Pharyngeal pouch impaction, perforation – Foreign bodies, iatrogenic • perioesophageal phlegmone • Esophageal impaction, ~perforation – feed, bones, foreign bodies 10

Pharyngeal pouch perforation • Sporadic problem on a large farm • Some animals showed weight loss after p. os antibiotic treatment • Individual treatment with a drench gun – 4/6 animals submitted showed the following on pm exam • Fibrinonecrotic inflammation around the upper portion of the esophagus • Proliferative to necrotic inflammation around foreign material (amorphous crystals and plant particles)

Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus • Oesophageal hyper/parakeratosis – Vitamin-A deficiency – Zn-deficiency – Gastric acid reflux • Oesophagitis – Gastric acid reflux – Mycotic ( Candida sp. ) oesophagitis 16

Gastric disorders • Gastric dilation – Feed uptake problems – Feeding technology problems • Gastric torsion – sows • Changes in feeding regime, excitement • Gastric foreign bodies – outdoor herds: stones – zootrichobezoar 17

Gastric disorders • Gastric ulcers – Pars oesophagica ulcer • Feed- feeding related problem • pH-gradient diminishes between cardia and fundus – Particle size and ~ distribution » <600-700 µm – Heat damage to pelleted feed components – Vitamin-E, Zn-deficiency – Periods of starving, lack of feed intake » Feed refusal » Systemic disorders » Respiratory problems!! – „stress” 18

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Gastric disorders • Ulceration of the pars oesophagica – Clinical signs • anemia • Loss of appetite, teeth grinding • Melena, tar like feces • Weight loss or sudden death – arrodation, peritonitis can occur! • Regurgitation after feeding (sows) 22

Gastric disorders • Pars oesophagica ulcer – treatment • Not feasible on large farms • Might be attempted in backyard farms or in high value breeding animals – Compounds from human medicine usually do not work effectively » H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidin, ranitidin) » Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazol) » prostaglandin-E » kaolin, pectin, sucralfate » „U-vitamin”, metil-metionin 26

Gastric disorders • Gastric ulcers – Ulcers of other location • Part of a systemic infection – salmonellosis, erysipelas, Streptococcus-septicemia 27

Gastric disorders • Gastritis – Chemical, physical causes • Irritating substances, foreign bodies – backyard! – uremia – Infectious diseases • TGE • salmonellosis • Mycotic gastritis • Swine fever, Köves-disease • (edema disease) • Parasitic infections ( Hyostrongylus rubidus ) 28

Gastric disorders • Clinical signs – vomiting – Loss of appetite, weight loss – + signs of underlying disorders • Therapy – Therapy of underlying disorder if possible – diet 31

Intestinal malpositions • Torsion – Abnormal peristaltics, content • Abnormal fermentation in the large intestine • Haemorrhagic bowel syndrome – Sudden or unusual movements – Abnormal ligaments, adhesions • Chronic peritonitis 32

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Intestinal malpositions • Rectal prolapse – Genetic predisposition – Increased motility • enteritis, colitis – Zearalenon mycotoxicosis – Increased abdominal pressure • Coughing (pneumonia) • „piling up” • Urolithiasis in males – Consequences • Bleeding out, cannibalism, rectal stricture 34

Rectal prolapse, sertés 35

Intestinal malpositions • Hernias – Umbilical~ • Connected with omphalitis – Inguinal~ – Perineal~ 36

Umbilical hernia 37

Perineal hernia 38

Ileus • Developmental anomalies • Stricture • Impaction • Compression • Paralytic ileus 39

Ileus • Atresia – atresia ani and/or – atresia recti • Segmental agenesia 40

Bélelzáródás (ileus) • Sz ű kület – veleszületett – szerzett • részleges vagy teljes • tályog, haematoma, daganat, hegképz ő dés 41

Intestinal distention • Primary megalocolon – Lack of plexus myentericus (Auerbach) • Hirschsprung-kór • Secondary megalocolon – Chronic proctitis – Chronic peritonitis, adhesions – Healing rectal prolapse 42

Megalocolon, atresia coli 43

Enteritis • Nomenclature by location – Enteritis • duodenitis, jejunitis, ileitis – Colitis – Enterocolitis – Typhlitis – Proctitis

Enteritis • Causes – External causes • bad feed composition, plant toxins, mycotoxins, irritating substances, drugs, live agents, foreign bodies – Internal causes • abnormal dentition, waste products from constipated content, metabolic disturbances, imbalance of the gut flora 45

Enteritis • Primary – secondary enteritis • Forms – Acute or chronic catarrhal enteritis/colitis – Haemorrhagic enteritis/colitis – Pseudomembranaceous enteritis/colitis • Crupous – diphtheric – Necrotic enteritis/colitis – (Purulent enteritis/colitis) – Proliferative enteritis/colitis

Diarrhea • Secretory E. coli, Clostridia • Enterotoxaemias • Viral enteritides Coronavirus, Rotavirus • Osmotic • Exsudative diseases – Bacterial enteritides – Viral enteritides – Idiopathic conditions • Altered motility • Malabsorption

Osmotic diarrhea • Antacids • Generalized malabsorption • Viral damage to intestinal epithelium

rotavirus coronavirus parvovirus

• Fecal consistency • Loose • Constipation • With digested blood (black) • With fresh blood 52 • Mucoid

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