Collective bargaining DIALOGUE and informal economy Susan Hayter Industrial and Employment Relations Department
Trade union density Trade Union density in OECD Countries, 1999 and 2009 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 Trade Union density 60.0 TUD 1999 50.0 TUD 2009 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Source: Data from ICTWSS Database, Version 3 (2011) 2
Collective bargaining Collective bargaining coverage in OECD countries, 1997 and 2007 100.0 90.0 80.0 Collective bargaining coverae 70.0 CBC 1997 60.0 CBC 2007 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Source: Data from ICTWSS Database , Version 3 (2011) 3
Trade union density Trade Union Density in Developing Countries, circa 2007 100 90 80 TUD as a proportionof 70 wage and Trade Union Density salaried 60 earners (%) 50 TUD as a 40 proportion of total 30 employment 20 (%) 10 0 Note: Kenya - proportion of wage and salaried earners accounts for private sector only. Source: Data from S. Hayter and V. Stoevska (2010) 4
Collective bargaining Collective Bargaining Coverage in developing countries, circa 2007 100 90 80 Collective Bargaining Coverage 70 CBC as a proportion of wage 60 and salaried earners (%) 50 CBC as a 40 proportion of total employment (%) 30 20 10 0 Note: Kenya - proportion of wage and salaried earners accounts for private sector only. 5 Source: Data from S. Hayter and V. Stoevska (2010)
Informal work or employment? • Temporary (and informal) employment DIALOGUE in formal establishments • Indirect employment (intermediary) • Subordinate employment disguised as autonomous work and ‘self - employed’
Expansion of trade union strategies to non-standard workers • FNV Union Confederation, Netherlands • Ghana Trades union Congress • South African Municipal Workers Union (SAMWU) • United Metal Workers’ Union, Turkey Representation of specialized interests • Tanzania Informal Construction Workers Association (TAICO) • Association of home-based workers in Bulgaria • Argentine Single Trade Union of Freighters (SIUNFLETRA) • India: Mumbai Electric Employees Union (MEEU); the Trade Union Centre of India (TUCI) and the Sharmik Ekta Maha Sangh (network). • National Federation of Domestic Workers (FENATRAD) • Sikhula Sonke, South Africa (seasonal agricultural workers) • Mukehero, Mozambique (informal traders)
Bargaining Union Examples arrangement National Collective Agreements on temporary agency Inter-sectoral workers , employers ’ confederations (AGETT, AETT, bargaining FEDETT, ACETT) and union confederations (CCOO and UGT) (2007) UK Government, CBI and TUC 2008 Agency Worker Joint Declaration, equal treatment after 12 weeks. Automobile sector: NUMSA and AMEO (2009), Multi-employer Extension of company arrangements for retirement, bargaining – death, disability and medical aid to short-term workers. sectoral Regular or contract workers’ union Glaxo Smith Kline & Milk Food Factory Workers' Union Single employer supported by IUF (2010), India, regularization of 443 bargaining temporary agency workers in a phased manner South African Airways and SATAWU , (2009), employment of temporary agency workers Multiple-union bargaining Neyveli Lignite Corporation amd All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC); Center of Trade Unions (CITU); Labour Liberation Front; United Trade Union Congress (UTUC-LS); Labour Progressive Front (LPF) (2008), regularization of contract workers. Regular or contract workers’ union Nokia, India : Labour Progressive Federation (LPF) Bargaining with & two contractors (CEVA Freight and M/s Adeeco agency Flexicone Workforce Solutions) (2009)
Issue Types of clause Examples All contractors registered Building Industry Bargaining Council, South Africa Regulation of and comply with collective commercial agreements National Agreement for promotion of social dialogue in contracts construction industry, (2010 ), Argentina Limiting externalization SALGA and SAMWU, (2008) local government to consult Employment trade unions before contracting, extension to temporary security agency workers of the same benefits (including salary). Regularizing employment Tamil Nadu Electricity Board & TNEB union (2007), Transition from temporary agency to permanent employment of 6000 workers and progressive absorbtion of remaining (total 21,600) Continuity Jawaharlar Nehru Port Trust & Nava Sheva Bundar Kamgar Sanghatana (2006), continuity of employment for agency workers affiliated to union, equal pay. Equal pay for equal work Port Authorities & Federation of Maritime Dockers’ Trade Wages and Social security Unions of Argentina (FEMPRINA) (2005, 2006), equal benefits Leave and holidays payment and working hours. Hindustan Unilever Limited & Sarva Shramik Sanghatna, November (2008), s ubstantial wage increases for temporary workers
Policy challenges & research • Policies addressing and clarifying the DIALOGUE employment relationship • Effectiveness of attempts to regulate atypical and non-standard employment and intermediaries • How to promote inclusive representation and bargaining (role of social partners, public policy) • Outcomes of different bargaining strategies
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