Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction Massimo Barcaro Emanuele Fornasiero Nicola Bianchi Silverio Bolognani Electric Drives Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Padova IEEE - IEMDC 2011 International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Niagara Falls, 15-18 May 2011
bg=white This presentation refers to the paper Massimo Barcaro, Emanuele Fornasiero, Nicola Bianchi and Silverio Bolognani Aim of this work “Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive PM machine for Railway Traction” design and analysis International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Predicted machine (IEMDC 2011) performance Power converter held in Niagara Falls, CA, May 15-18, 2011 Results Conclusions IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 2
bg=white Outline Aim of this work 1 PM machine design and analysis 2 Aim of this work PM machine Predicted machine performance 3 design and analysis Predicted Power converter machine 4 performance Power converter Results 5 Results Conclusions Conclusions 6 IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 3
bg=white Aim of this work Aim of this Aim of this work work PM machine design and analysis Predicted machine performance Power converter Results Conclusions IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 4
bg=white Aim of this work Aim of this work The aim of this work is to investigate how the design choices of both the machine and the power converter affect the total performance of the traction drive. Aim of this work PM machine Railway application design and analysis Italian system, 1 Predicted Commuter train. 2 machine performance Adoption of a permanent magnet machine Power High efficiency converter 1 High power density Results 2 Lower maintenance 3 Conclusions Sensorless control capability 4 Flux–weakening capability (Interior Permanent Magnet) 5 IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 5
bg=white Aim of this work Requirements Maximum motor size Frame length: 800mm, 1 Frame diameter: 500mm. 2 Aim of this work Torque–to–speed curve PM machine design and Base operating point: 5000Nm @ 1200 r/min, 1 analysis Max speed: 4500 r/min. 2 Predicted machine performance 6000 300 5000 250 Power Torque (Nm) converter 4000 200 Time (s) Torque 3000 150 Results Time 2000 100 Conclusions 1000 50 0 0 0 0 500 500 1000 1000 1500 1500 2000 2000 2500 2500 3000 3000 3500 3500 4000 4000 4500 4500 Mechanical speed (rpm) IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 6
bg=white Aim of this work Requirements Voltage Aim of this Nominal dc bus: 3000V (min. 80%), 1 work Uncontrolled Generator Operation (UGO) voltage lower 2 PM machine design and than nominal voltage at maximum speed. analysis Predicted machine IGBT Volt–Ampere rating performance Power Series and parallel IGBT connections are avoided 1 converter Results Conclusions IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 6
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Aim of this PM machine design and analysis work PM machine design and analysis Predicted machine performance Power converter Results Conclusions IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 7
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Geometries Different rotor geometries are investigated: Aim of this Main parameters work PM machine 48 slots, design and analysis 4 poles, (a) IPM–3b (b) IPM–V Predicted machine SmCo magnets, performance Power Different PM volume, converter L stk = 500 mm , Results Conclusions (c) IPM–SQ (d) SPM IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 8
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Winding design with different PM contribution Changing the PM volume, the number of series conductors per slot, n cs , can be changed Aim of this Variation of n cs work PM machine The variation of series conductors per slot does not affects design and the electromechanical torque for given slot current ˆ analysis I S . Predicted machine performance If n cs increases: Power the phase current decreases converter Results the nominal flux–linkage increases Conclusions the base speed ω B decreases IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 9
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Winding design with different PM contribution Uncontrolled Generator Operation The flux–linkage due to the PM has to be limited so as to satisfy the UGO requirement at the el. maximum speed: Aim of this work ω max n cs λ m ≤ V dc , n √ PM machine 3 design and analysis Predicted machine performance Power converter Results Conclusions IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 10
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Base speed � V n � 2 �� � 2 � � 2 � ≃ Λ 2 = n 2 λ m + l d ˆ l q ˆ + I S , d I S , q cs ω B For a given nominal voltage V n the increase of n cs yields an increase of the nominal flux–linkage and a reduction of the base speed ω B . Aim of this work PM machine design and analysis Predicted machine performance Power converter Results Conclusions Once the n cs is defined, the nominal current of the machine I n , mot is selected to satisfy the requirements. IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 11
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Summary of the motor designs parameters ˆ Motor V pm ξ B n cs I n , mot Λ m ω B , max (%) ( A ) ( Vs ) ( el . rad / s ) IPM–3b 100% 3.34 6 . 0 512 1 . 93 448 IPM–3b 90% 3.35 7 . 0 458 1 . 95 382 Aim of this IPM–3b 80% 3.34 8 . 0 422 1 . 88 332 work IPM–3b 70% 3.12 9 . 5 379 1 . 82 272 PM machine design and 8 . 5 1 . 26 IPM–3b 60% 3.02 458 299 analysis 7 . 0 0 . 47 IPM–3b 40% 2.84 667 351 Predicted machine performance n cs is due to UGO requirement ( Λ m < 2Vs). It increases Power with the PM volume reduction (IPM–3b). converter Results n cs = 9 . 5 ⇒ limit value: the minimum ω B is reached Conclusions IPM–3b with 60% and 40% V pm ⇒ UGO satisfaction is not sufficient. n cs reduced, with a corresponding increase of the current to provide suitable FW torque. IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 12
bg=white PM machine design and analysis ˆ Motor V pm ξ B n cs I n , mot Λ m ω B , max (%) ( A ) ( Vs ) ( el . rad / s ) 6 . 0 1 . 93 IPM–3b 100% 3.34 512 448 7 . 0 1 . 95 IPM–3b 90% 3.35 458 382 IPM–3b 80% 3.34 8 . 0 422 1 . 88 332 IPM–3b 70% 3.12 9 . 5 379 1 . 82 272 Aim of this work IPM–3b 60% 3.02 8 . 5 458 1 . 26 299 PM machine IPM–3b 40% 2.84 7 . 0 667 0 . 47 351 design and IPM–V - 2.38 5 . 0 650 1 . 83 522 analysis IPM–SQ - 1.41 5 . 0 750 2 . 08 509 Predicted machine SPM - 0.81 3 . 5 1006 1 . 83 794 performance Power converter Results ξ B is almost equal to 3 for all the IPM–3b machines. Conclusions The IPM–V and the IPM–SQ machine has lower saliency. IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 13
bg=white PM machine design and analysis ˆ Motor V pm ξ B n cs I n , mot Λ m ω B , max (%) ( A ) ( Vs ) ( el . rad / s ) 6 . 0 1 . 93 IPM–3b 100% 3.34 512 448 IPM–V - 2.38 5 . 0 650 1 . 83 522 IPM–SQ - 1.41 5 . 0 750 2 . 08 509 Aim of this work SPM - 0.81 3 . 5 1006 1 . 83 794 PM machine design and analysis Predicted The IPM–V machine requires lower current than the machine performance IPM–SQ machine thanks to the higher saliency ratio. Power The SPM machine requires an excessive current and converter Results the base speed is about 3 times higher than the Conclusions required. IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 14
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Procedure to compute machine performance Finite element simulations Torque, Flux linkages, Flux densities Maximum machine performance Aim of this MTPA trajectory is followed up to the voltage limit: from work zero up to the base speed ω B , B base point. PM machine design and analysis At higher speed the flux–weakening control is adopted. Predicted machine performance Power converter Results Conclusions IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 15
bg=white PM machine design and analysis Procedure to compute machine performance Fitting of the required torque–to–speed The current vector trajectory is modified, The lowest current that satisfies both the voltage limit Aim of this work and torque requirement is selected. PM machine design and 0 0 5000 0 analysis 400 4 B Required torque Maximum torque Predicted 300 Ellipse center machine 3000 Torque map performance I q (A) 0 0 0 B 5 200 2000 Torque (Nm) 4000 4000 Power 4000 converter 100 3000 2000 3000 F 2000 Required torque F Results 2000 1000 Maximum torque 1000 1000 0 0 −800 −700 −600 −500 −400 −300 −200 −100 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Conclusions I d (A) Electric speed (rad/s) IEMDC 2011 Design Procedure of IPM Motor Drive for Railway Traction 16
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