Design and Development of Support Systems for Future Human Extravehicular Activity Presenter: Matthew J. Miller Thursday, Jan 12 th , 2017 AIAA SciTech 2017 Session EXPL-01; Habitation Systems
Open-ended Questions: What are the necessary support systems future • crew will need and what will functions will they support? How can we answer the envisioned world problem • facing the human spaceflight community? Study Objectives: 1. Compare present-day and envisioned EVA concept of operations 2. Discuss key work functions inherent to the EVA work domain 3. Illustrate prototype support system designs and development efforts AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 2
Historical EVA Operations & Studies 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s 2030’s Records provide details as to What was performed with limited insight into How EVA was performed ‘61-’66 Thinking about the future… Central to the success of EVA • As of 7/27/2016, NASA performed 391 EVAs, execution is the relationship 110 (28%) experienced significant incidents between in-flight crew and ‘61-’75 ground support personnel Crew injury (12) • However, existing data is • Early Termination (14) • saturated with in-flight crew System Issue (52) • perspectives ‘73-’79 Operational Issue (36) • • Additionally, deep-space operations imposes a multitude of new operational constraints to consider 1981-2011 • Delayed communication • E.g.4-20 min one way between Earth and Mars 1998-Present (2024) AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 Packham and Stockton, 2016 3
Understanding what is necessary to conduct EVA today How is the current EVA work domain structured? Motivating Questions Information Flow Model • What structure and functions exist in the current EVA work domain? • What shifts are likely to occur for future operations? What functions are required to ensure successful EVA execution? Life support Life support Egress & Archiving Life support monitoring monitoring ingress Assumptions for the future Timeline Timeline Timeline Timeline Shelter & IV operator will take on more • Inventory tracking & (task) tracking & (task) resource management functions that MCC currently alteration alteration execution execution supply provides Translation, Anomaly orientation Receiving Generating Timeline and life support • response & and signals signals resolution system management are stabilization highest priority to transition **Processes of EVA preparation and post-processing not included Miller, McGuire, & Feigh AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 4 (2016, 2015a)
Envisioning future EVA operations Biologic Analog Science Desert Technology NASA Extreme Environment Pavilion Lake Associated with Lava Terrains and Research Program Mission Operations project Research Project (BASALT) (D-RATS) (NEEMO) (PLRP) Time-delay Assumptions for the future 20 min Analog environments provide a • representative means to explore 15 min what exploration teams will contend with at various destinations (e.g. NEOs, Moons or Mars, Mars surface) 10 min Provide a means to situate operators • under envisioned physical and 5 min cognitive problem spaces 50 sec In 2016, 3 simulation campaigns we leveraged to explored the None design considerations of the IV operator and workstation • NEEMO 21 (10+ EVAs) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 • BASALT-1 (10+ EVAs) Year • GT Laboratory (18+ EVAs) **Graph only includes recent field deployments with published reports AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 5
Supporting Envisioned Work Assumption: Time-delayed communication will necessitate the IV operator to support the moment by moment (tactical) operations of EVA execution that include the following functions: Timeline Management • Timeline articulates the intended pathway of actions (minute by minute) that lead to the completion of the a priori specified objectives • Constituent IV workstation elements include: Detailed Procedures Summary Timeline Map/Geospatial Flight Notepad Tracking Display Life Support System Management Life support system is composed of soft goods and the portable life support system • (PLSS). The PLSS generates various data streams that are monitored during execution Constituent IV workstation elements include: • Numerical Graphical Telemetry Displays Telemetry Displays AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 6
Supporting Envisioned Work Communication Management EVA operations depends on the ability to exchange information among the various • members of the team Video Audio Text Imagery Modes of communication include: • Science Operations Management Future EVA objectives will contain science-driven objectives, which introduces a • spectrum of new data products to the EVA work domain Constituent IV workstation elements include: • Science Data Display Science Notepad Physiological Data Management Medical professionals (e.g. Flight Surgeon) currently manages crew physiological data. • Future operations will likely require IV operator to manage this data in addition to traditional EVA variables. Physiological Data Display Constituent IV workstation elements include: • AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 7
IV Workstation Configurations – Analog Environments Work Function Support System Element Analog Summary Timeline Detailed Procedures Timeline management Flight Notepad Map/Geospatial Tracking Display Life support Numerical Telemetry Display system Graphical Telemetry Display management Video Display Communication Audio Management Text Client Physiological data Physiological Data Display management Science Data Display Science operations management Science Notepad AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 8
Conceptualizing the Operational Layout BASALT-1 EVA Operations ISS EVA Operations Laboratory EVA Operations NEEMO 21 EVA Operations AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 9
IV Workstation Configurations - Laboratory Laboratory EVA Operations AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 10
IV Workstation Configuration: NEEMO 21 NEEMO 21 EVA Operations AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 11
IV Workstation Configurations: BASALT-1 BASALT-1 EVA Operations AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 12
Summary of Insights Objective #1: Compare present-day and envisioned EVA ConOps Framed EVA operations in terms of inherent work domain features to facilitate the extension of present-day ops into the future Objective #2: Discuss key work functions inherent to the EVA work domain Articulated five aspects of EVA work we expect future IV crew to perform Objective #3: Illustrate prototype system designs and development efforts Linked envisioned work capacities with various prototyped workstation software components to guide future development efforts Each Prototype acts as a hypothesis about how to best enable IV operator work AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 13
Study Implications and Future Work Open Research Questions What does it mean to have situation awareness from the perspective of the • IV operator? What is the appropriate distribution of responsibility and authority among • the entire flight team? This research is the first attempt to understanding the representations and responsibilities necessary for the IV operator enable future EVA Future Work Examine how we can better design both the surface • (interface) and internal (software structure) representations to facilitate desired IV work responsibilities Extend similar rationale to examining other members of the • EVA flight team to understand system-wide implications from support system design AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 14
Questions? Acknowledgements This work is sponsored by NASA Space Technology • Research Fellowship - Grant # NNX13AL32H. Many thanks to the NASA Analog research personnel • for their support and encouragement of this work AIAA SciTech - 1/12/2017 15
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