Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era 1/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Composition based on DeMeo et al. 2009 2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Composition based on DeMeo et al. 2009 2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Composition based on DeMeo et al. 2009 2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Composition based on DeMeo et al. 2009 2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Composition based on DeMeo et al. 2009 2/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Structure adapted from Britt et al. 2006 3/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Structure adapted from Britt et al. 2006 3/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Structure adapted from Britt et al. 2006 3/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Density & Troubles ρ = M V 4/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Mass measurements ρ = M V 5/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Mass & Taxonomy based on DeMeo et al. 2009 & Baer et al. 2011 6/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Mass & Taxonomy based on DeMeo et al. 2009 & Baer et al. 2011 6/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Mass & Uncertainty 7/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Mass & Gaia 8/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Mass & Gaia • Breakthrough in mass estimates • Deflection & Binary • About 200-300 masses • Coherent set • Span taxonomy 8/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Volume estimates ρ = M V 9/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Volume & Troubles ρ = M V • 100-300 masses • 2228 diameters IRAS • 10 000 diameters Spitzer • 100 000 diameters WISE • 10 000 diameters Gaia 10/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Volume & Troubles ρ = M = d M M + d V d ρ V V ρ = d M M + 3 d R R • 100-300 masses • 2228 diameters IRAS • 10 000 diameters Spitzer • 100 000 diameters WISE • 10 000 diameters Gaia 10/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Volume & Troubles ρ = M = d M M + d V d ρ V V ρ = d M M + 3 d R R • 100-300 masses • 2228 diameters IRAS Size • 10 000 diameters Spitzer is the • 100 000 diameters WISE Limiting Factor • 10 000 diameters Gaia 10/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Accurate Volumes 1. Direct measurements • WYSIWYG � = model-dependant ◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations 2. Realistic 3-D shapes • Assumptions ⇒ bias • Concavity ⇔ Volume ◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse) 3. Completeness of geometries • Extensive approach ◮ Thermal radiometry ◮ Interferometry Tanga & Delb` o 2007 ◮ Radar echo Carry et al. 2008 ˇ Durech et al. 2011 11/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Accurate Volumes 1. Direct measurements • WYSIWYG � = model-dependant ◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations 2. Realistic 3-D shapes • Assumptions ⇒ bias • Concavity ⇔ Volume ◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse) 3. Completeness of geometries • Extensive approach ◮ Thermal radiometry ◮ Interferometry Kaasalainen & ˇ Durech ◮ Radar echo Hanuˇ s et al. 2011 ⇒ Cellino, Hanuˇ s, Carbognani 11/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Accurate Volumes 1. Direct measurements • WYSIWYG � = model-dependant ◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations 2. Realistic 3-D shapes • Assumptions ⇒ bias • Concavity ⇔ Volume ◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse) 3. Completeness of geometries • Extensive approach ◮ Thermal radiometry ◮ Interferometry Tanga et al. 2003 ◮ Radar echo Busch et al. 2009 Delb` o et al. 2009 11/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Volume with KOALA 12/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Volume with KOALA Pre-Flyby model vs. Rosetta Accuracy KOALA Shape: 2 km Volume: 15% Carry et al. 2010 Carry et al. 2011 12/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era KOALA Development • KOALA 1.0: Kaasalainen, ˇ Durech & Carry ◮ Lightcurves (dense & sparse) ◮ Disk-resolved imaging ◮ Stellar occultations ◮ Code being cleaned for release • KOALA 1.x: Current development ◮ Interferometry (optical): FGS on HST, JWST ◮ Thermal radiometry: IRAS, Spitzer, WISE ◮ Kaasalainen, ˇ Durech, Delb` o, Carry • KOALA 2.0: Planned development ◮ Interferometry (thermal): VLTI, LBT ◮ Radar: Arecibo, LOFAR+EISCAT3d 13/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Gaia’s Contribution ρ = M V 14/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011

Density of asteroids Mass measurements Volume determination Post-Gaia Era Gaia’s Contribution • Ultra-high precision astrometry ◮ Mass determination: Deflection & Binary ◮ 150 estimates – spanning taxonomy ◮ Ground-based support Colas ◮ Ephemeris ( e.g INPOP) Fienga ◮ N extra estimates? • Very-high precision photometry ◮ 3-D shape reconstruction Cellino, Hanuˇ s, Carbognani ◮ Minor contribution for volume ◮ Ground-based support ◮ Lightcurves (dense) campaigns ◮ Dedicated imaging on large telescopes ◮ Stellar occultations Tanga, Delb` o 14/14 Benoˆ ıt Carry, Gaia GREAT, 4–6 May 2011