Deep Science at Boulby Underground Laboratory: An update of support - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sean Paling STFC Boulby Underground Science Facility Hartlepool Nuclear Dark Matter Search & ultra Power Station low background studies Multi-disciplinary studies: geology, climate, the environment, life on earth & elsewhere Deep Science at Boulby Underground Laboratory: An update of support facilities and science at the UK’s deep underground science facility. New Underground lab @ Boulby

Boulby Underground Laboratory The UK’s deep underground science facility operating in a working polyhalite & salt mine. 1.1km depth (2805 mwe). With low background surrounding rock-salt Operated by the UK’s Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in partnership with the mine operators ICL Polyhalite Deepest mine in Britain Permian Evaporites Factor ~10 6 reduction in cosmic ray flux vs. surface A QUIET place in the Universe

Boulby Geology & Mining Excavations are in Salt (NaCl) & Potash (KCl) Permian evaporite layers left over from the Zechstein Sea. Over 40 kms of tunnel mined each year (now >1,000kms in total), the long-lived roadways being cut in the lower NaCl layer. Typical Boulby U: 67 ± 6 ppb Salt Roadway Th: 125 ± 10 ppb Low γ & n backgrounds Zechstein Sea Low Rn (<3 Bqm -3 ) Potash Mine Shafts Rock-Salt New Lab (2017) Polyhalite Boulby Geology sean.paling@stfc.ac.uk

Office space, chemistry & clean prep lab, storage and staging space, IT room, conference room, Surface support and 3000m 3 Outside staging building Outside Experimentation Area Experimentation Area Boulby Underground Lab Facilities 2018: >4000m 3 class 1k & 10k clean room lab space 100Mb Internet AC, Air filtration, 5T & 10T lifting, LN generation, fume hood & clean prep 3000m 3 Outside Expt. Area. Power & internet BUGS+ Material screening

Underground Science @ Boulby Mine • DRIFT/CYGNUS: Directional Dark Matter • BUGs: Ultra-low background material screening (for LUX-ZEPLIN and Super-K-Gd and more) • ERSaB: Environmental gamma spectroscopy DRIFT-II • SELLR: Life in Low background radiation • RESOURCE: Salt cavity energy storage study CYGNUS Dark Matter Detector • BISAL: Geomicrobiology / Astrobiology studies Life in Boulby Salt… • MINAR: Space Exploration Tech. Development • Misc. Geology / Geoscience Astrobiology & • Etc... (More to come). planetary exploration A busy & growing multi-disciplinary science programme: from astrophysics (Dark Matter) to studies of geology, climate, the environment, life on Earth & beyond.

Boulby Facility Details… Ÿ The UK’s deep underground science facility. One of 4 in EU. >10 in the world. Ÿ Supports work of 9 collaborative projects (astrophysics to climate, geology, environment etc), 20 institutions, >70 scientists and students. The World’s Underground • Facility funded and operated by the Science & labs Technology Facilities Council (STFC). • Operations, H&S & science How does Boulby Compare? • Low Radon levels (3 Bq/m 3 ) programme managed by 7(+2) • Diverse science programme. onsite staff and supported by • Science and Industry partnership Rutherford Appleton Lab (PPD). • Mine operators ICL-UK provide wide-ranging operational & high level support. Gamma Spectra

Working alongside mining at Boulby… Boulby Lab responsibility: Support science Manage Safety Operations Impact Outreach & Media CPL/ICL support us: Keep the mine operating and safe Emergency H&S Materials transportation Misc. Facility maintenance

Boulby Dark Matter Studies Boulby has hosted Dark Matter search studies for two decades. Including the NAIAD, DRIFT & ZEPLIN experiment programmes. Boulby now hosts DRIFT Directional DM programme, doing R&D for CYGNUS & providing ULB material screening for other studies, inc ZEPLIN-III @ Boulby LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Alpha DM-Ice ZEPLIN: The world’s first 2-phase Xenon dark matter detector (Finished 2011 ) DRIFT-IId Current limits & future projections sean.paling@stfc.ac.uk

DRIFT/CYGNUS Programme.. DRIFT/CYGNUS: R&D for DIRECTIONAL Dark Matter detection. DRIFT-IId @ Boulby STATUS: Programme operating at Boulby since 2001. Currently limit-setting and conducting system performance & scale-up R&D. Plans for further R&D & expansion / collaboration ( CYGNUS ). Dual (1m 3 total) Negative Ion DRIFT TPC Directional detection Alpha track Simulated Occidental College, data New Mexico, Colorado State, Hawaii, Wellesley, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Boulby CYGNUS ThGEM development WIMP flux Directional DM detection – providing the DRIFTII-d limit setting & collaborative R&D exploring most powerful direct detection signature issues & technologies for scale up - CYGNUS

BUGS (+) Material Screening Growing suite (‘BUGS’: Boulby Underground Germanium Suite) of Ultra-Low-Background (ULB) germanium detector systems to support Dark Matter & misc ‘rare-event’ studies… Sensitivity down to <50ppt U/Th per sample, & improving Our Current Detectors; - Ortec 1.8 kg (72%) p-type (ULB) - Canberra 2.0 kg (112%) & 3.2 kg (171%) p-types (S-ULB) Boulby Underground - 2x Canberra BEGe detectors Germanium Suite (BUGS) BUGs Screening LZ PMTs (5030 ULB, 6530 S-ULB) - Canberra SAGe Well-type (S-ULB) ULB counting studies supporting UK DM ( LZ ) and neutrino communities. Now EXPANDING ULB counting capabilities. Inc. XIA surface alpha counting In collaboration with UCL, LZ DMUK, Sheffield & others. LUX-ZEPLIN BUGS ULB Boulby undertaking major role in material LUX-ZEPLIN Germanium Suite selection for LUX-ZEPLIN and SK-Gd/T2K

<0.0001 alphas/cm 2 /hr XIA alpha particle counter BUGS capabilities expanding to support current and future ULB experiments. Working towards PPT sensitivity for G3 DM and Neutrino Expts. LZ PMTs LZ sample testing underway. New XIA surface S.M.Paling - Boulby@stfc.ac.uk alpha detection system now commissioned. BUGS Lab

Boulby Multi-Disciplinary Studies DEEP-Carbon: Muon Tomography for deep geological mapping applications including CCS Boulby, Durham, Sheffield, Bath, Premier Oil, CPL. ERSaB: Gamma spectroscopy & low background counting environmental radioactivity studies From astrophysics to geology, geophysics, the environment, Boulby, Scottish Universities Env. Research Ctr (SUERC) life on Earth & beyond... Life in Boulby Salt… MINAR: Space Technology Development Boulby, Edinburgh, NASA, DLR, CPL etc. Plus Misc. Geology & BISAL: Astrobiology / Geo-microbiology. Studies Geoscience (& more to of life in salt, life on Earth & beyond come)… sean.paling@stfc.ac.uk August 2019

MINAR V. 9 th to 20 th MINAR - SPLIT October 2017 MINAR – Pac Man, HABIT & many more MINAR - Pancam

MINAR VI. 10 th -20 th September 2018 Lulea University KORE rover 3D area mapping Edinburgh University MUFFHINS water activity monitoring payload MINAR – CLUPI KORE 3D Mapping MINAR - Pancam

Future Science… … Continue current studies, PLUS… Ÿ BUGS: Expanding ULB material screening and AIT/WATCHMAN environmental gamma spectroscopy. SK-Gd, Hyper-K, Dune & more Neutrinos & nuclear non-proliferation Ÿ Expanding Astrobiology, MINAR & wider Robotics DRIFT- RESOURCE study (NERC) : Salt cavity test facility for Ÿ II studies of compressed gas energy storage? • AIT/WATCHMAN : 6 kT Gd-doped water neutrino detector BERES: Salt cavity energy storage for nuclear non-proliferation purposes (and more)? • Next generation Dark Matter, Neutrino and Neutrino- less Double beta decay studies… e,g. SuperNEMO, CYGNUS, etc… Robotics Continue / increase hosting core STFC science projects & wider multidisciplinary studies addressing RCUK (UKRI) priority themes sean.paling@stfc.ac.uk

World antineutrino flux levels A WATer CHerenkov Monitor of ANtineutrinos Design, excavation, installation & operation 2019 to 2024(+) A 6kT Gd- loaded water detector looking at ~20 m anti-neutrinos from Hartlepool nuclear reactor Vertices • 3500 tons of gadolinium doped within 50cm water • 3000 photomultiplier tubes • Signal: ~11 events/month/core • Background: ~20 events/month ΔT ~30μs NEW 6kT prototype detector: R&D for anti-neutrino monitoring of nuclear reactors for global nuclear non-proliferation purposes & more

See WATCHMAN talk. Chris Grant New excavation Wednesday pm. Neutrino session. required Main cavity and ancillary tunnels. Concept. design Design, excavation, installation & operation 2019 to 2024(+) 100+ Collaborators from 20+ US/UK research institutes Existing STFC-Boulby Deep underground science facility

Thank You…. . Laboratory space, low background counting, science support @ Boulby Please Contact us… Email: Boulby@stfc.ac.uk Web: www.stfc.ac.uk/boulby Facebook: Boulby Underground Sean Paling Laboratory STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory