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Deep Reinforcement Learning Applications + Hacking Arjun Chandra Research Scientist Telenor Research / Telenor-NTNU AI Lab arjun.chandra@telenor.com @boelger 21 November 2017 https://join.slack.com/t/deep-rl-tutorial/signup The Plan Few

  1. Deep Reinforcement Learning Applications + Hacking Arjun Chandra Research Scientist Telenor Research / Telenor-NTNU AI Lab arjun.chandra@telenor.com @boelger 21 November 2017 https://join.slack.com/t/deep-rl-tutorial/signup

  2. The Plan Few words on applications (not exhaustive…) Games Board Games, Card Games, Video Games, VR, AR, TV Shows (IBM Watson) … growing list Robotics Thermal Soaring, Robots, Self-driving * , Autonomous Braking, etc. Embedded Systems Memory Control, HVAC, etc. Internet/Marketing Hack! Personalised Web Services, Customer Lifetime Energy Solar Panel Control, Data Centres Cloud/Telecommunications Scaling, Resource Provisioning, Channel Allocation, Self- organisation in Virtual Networks Health Treatment Planning (Diabetes, Epilepsy, Parkinson’s, etc.) Maritime Decision Support

  3. Backgammon Image credit: http://incompleteideas.net/sutton/book/the-book-2nd.html

  4. 1: piece can be hit by opponent >=2: opponent cannot land =3: single spare/free to move >3: multiple spare pieces! >=2 =3 1 >3 { { { 4 per place x 24 places 4 per place x 24 places turn #bar #o ff to move

  5. a move v( ) own simulated moves v( ) v( ) v( )

  6. a move v( ) own simulated moves v( ) v( ) v( ) TD error: v() - v()

  7. play to the end…

  8. TD-Gammon 0.0 • No Backgammon knowledge • NN, Backprop to represent and learn • Self-play TD to estimate returns • Good player beating programs with expert training and hand crafted features

  9. TD-Gammon >1.0++ simulation decision v() of simulated next moves time inform v() of move to play Simulation : -> own move given dice roll -> opponent dice roll -> opponent move • Specialised Backgammon features • NN, Backprop to represent and learn Assume opponent choses • Self-play TD and decision time search, best value move. to estimate returns • World class — impacted human play Best move given opponent’s best move is selected.

  10. 1992, 1994, 1995, 2002… NB. impacted human play, raised human caliber Combination of learnt value function and decision time search powerful!

  11. Deep RL in AlphaGo Zero Improve planning (search) and intuition (evaluation) with feedback from self-play [ zero human game data] observations win/lose/draw Zero Zero act act Game Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge , Silver et.al., Nature, Vol. 550, October 19, 2017

  12. Self-play NN training Image credit: http://incompleteideas.net/sutton/book/the-book-2nd.html

  13. Deep Net f θ p probability of taking one of 362 actions residual block v likelihood of of conv layers win/loss [39 to 79 layers] + p and v heads [2 layers, 3 layers] [Xt, Yt, Xt-1, Yt-1, …, Xt-7, Yt-7, C] historical map of stones X: 1/0 player stones Y: 1/0 opponent stones C: player, all 1 black, all 0 white

  14. Self-play to end of game NN training: learn to evaluate Self-play step: select move by simulation + evaluation Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge , Silver et.al., Nature, Vol. 550, October 19, 2017

  15. Thermal Soaring state: (local, descritised) acceleration (a z ), torque, velocity (v z ), temperature action: bank +/-, no-op reward: after step v z + Ca z goal: climb to cloud ceiling simulation https://www.onlinecontest.org/olc-2.0/gliding/flightinfo.html?flightId=1631541895 tabular SARSA Height (km) untrained trained Learning to soar in turbulent environments, Gautam Reddy et. al., PNAS 2016

  16. Memory Control scheduler is the agent state : based on contents of transaction queue, e.g. #read requests, #write requests, etc. action : activate , precharge , read , write , no-op reward : 1 for read or write, 0 otherwise goal : (max read/write ~ throughput) constraints on valid actions/state H/W implementation of SARSA http://incompleteideas.net/sutton/book/the-book-2nd.html http://incompleteideas.net/sutton/book/the-book-2nd.html Dynamic multicore resource management: A machine learning approach Martinez and Ipek, IEEE Micro, 2009

  17. Personalised Services (content/ads/o ff ers) goal #clicks policy #visits encouraging users to engage in extended #clicks interactions #visitors http://incompleteideas.net/sutton/book/the-book-2nd.html state : (per customer) (s,a,r,s’) time since last visit, tuples from the total visits, past policies last time clicked, location, sampled tuples and train interests, random forest to demographics predict return Personalized Ad Recommendation Systems action : o ff ers/ads for Life-Time Value Optimization with (fitted Q iteration reward : 1 click, 0 otherwise Guarantees. Theocharous et. al. IJCAI, 2015 ~ DQN)

  18. Solar Panel Control Solar tracking — pointing at sun enough? Missing: • di ff used radiation • reflected — ground/snow/surroundings • power consumed to reorient • shadows — foliage, clouds etc. state : panel orientation, relative location of sun OR downsampled 16X16 image actions : set of discrete orientations OR tilt forward/back/no-op reward : energy gathered at time step goal: maximise energy gathered over time Bandit-Based Solar Panel Control David Abel et. al. IAAI 2018 Improving Solar Panel Efficiency using Reinforcement Learning. David Abel et. https://github.com/david-abel/solar_panels_rl al. RLDM 2017

  19. Hack!

  20. Code Clone this repo: https://github.com/traai/drl-tutorial Go through README to set up Python environment and read through the tasks. Build on provided code/code from scratch. Use Slack for questions: https://join.slack.com/t/deep-rl-tutorial/signup

  21. Value Based (DQN)

  22. Catch fruit in basket! state : 1 for fruit, 1s for basket actions : left, right, no-op rewards +1: fruit caught -1: fruit not caught 0: otherwise goal : catch fruit (!) Simple DQN solution: https://github.com/traai/drl-tutorial/blob/master/value/dqn.py

  23. Policy Based

  24. Balance a pole! state action reward: 1 for each step goal: maximise cumulative reward https://github.com/openai/gym/wiki/CartPole-v0 Simple PG solution: https://github.com/traai/drl-tutorial/blob/master/pg/pg.py

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