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Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., P.Eng P.Eng. . President, Chief Geophysicist President, Chief Geophysicist Discovery International Geophysics Inc. Discovery

  1. Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., P.Eng P.Eng. . President, Chief Geophysicist President, Chief Geophysicist Discovery International Geophysics Inc. Discovery International Geophysics Inc. 147 Robin Crescent, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7L 6M3 147 Robin Crescent, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7L 6M3 Tel: 306 249 4422 Fax: 306 249 4421 Tel: 306 249 4422 Fax: 306 249 4421 E- -mail: mail: dennis.woods@discogeo.com dennis.woods@discogeo.com E Web site: www.discogeo.com www.discogeo.com Web site:

  2. OUTLINE OUTLINE A brief discussion about B- -field versus dB/ field versus dB/ dt dt TDEM, TDEM, A brief discussion about B SQUID sensors, and high signal/low noise SQUID sensors, and high signal/low noise Lots of comparison plots: SQUID vs vs Coil, IPHT Coil, IPHT Lots of comparison plots: SQUID Jessy Deep Deep vs vs CSIRO CSIRO LandTEM LandTEM, Slingram , Slingram vs vs Fixed Fixed Jessy Loop, Loop Size, etc Loop, Loop Size, etc A little interpretation (i.e. modelling modelling) ) A little interpretation (i.e.

  3. B vs vs dB/ dB/ dt dt B Advantages of measuring B rather than dB/ dt dt are well are well Advantages of measuring B rather than dB/ documented in papers by Macnae Macnae, Le Roux, Osmond at , Le Roux, Osmond at documented in papers by SEG Workshop in 2006 and at Exploration ‘ ‘07. 07. SEG Workshop in 2006 and at Exploration • Increased S/N of B relative to dB/ • Increased S/N of B relative to dB/ dt dt at late time at late time • Increased S/N of B relative to dB/ • Increased S/N of B relative to dB/ dt dt during on during on- -time time • Greater response for higher decay constant targets • Greater response for higher decay constant targets - high conductivity (higher grade) ore bodies high conductivity (higher grade) ore bodies - - large ore bodies large ore bodies - • Lower • Lower sferic sferic noise noise Disadvantages - - sensor movement noise sensor movement noise Disadvantages - geomagnetic fluctuation noise geomagnetic fluctuation noise -

  4. B vs vs dB/ dB/ dt dt B Le Roux (2007) Le Roux (2007)

  5. B vs vs dB/ dB/ dt dt B Macnae (2006) Macnae (2006)

  6. SQUID - - S Superconducting uperconducting Qu Quantum antum SQUID I nterference nterference D Device evice I Stolz, et al. (2006) Stolz , et al. (2006)

  7. Filling High Temperature SQUI D (HTS) Filling High Temperature SQUI D (HTS) with Liquid Nitrogen with Liquid Nitrogen Filling Low Filling Low Temperature Temperature SQUI D (LTS) SQUI D (LTS) with Liquid with Liquid Helium Helium

  8. SQUID and the Magnetic Field Spectrum SQUID and the Magnetic Field Spectrum After Bingham (2009) After Bingham (2009)

  9. SQUID and EM Sensor Noise Spectrums SQUID and EM Sensor Noise Spectrums Le Roux (2006) Le Roux (2006)

  10. Deep Exploration Requires High Signal Deep Exploration Requires High Signal and Low Noise and Low Noise Phoenix TXU Phoenix TXU- -30 30 • 20 kW 20 kW • • 40 Amps 40 Amps • • 120 lbs 120 lbs • Walcer Walcer Generator Generator • 12.5 kW 12.5 kW • • 25 Hp gas motor 25 Hp gas motor • • 200 lbs 200 lbs • 400 Hertz Generator 400 Hertz Generator • 20 kW 20 kW • • 40 Hp gas motor 40 Hp gas motor • • 350 lbs 350 lbs •

  11. TEM Waveforms TEM Waveforms

  12. TEM Decay Plots TEM Decay Plots

  13. SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM Surveys Surveys

  14. Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) Surveys Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) Surveys

  15. Slingram - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Slingram 800m x 800m Loop, 15A, Rx- -Tx = 1800m, Depth = 750m Tx = 1800m, Depth = 750m 800m x 800m Loop, 15A, Rx

  16. Slingram - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Slingram 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx- -Tx = 400m, Depth = 250m Tx = 400m, Depth = 250m 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx

  17. Jessy (IPHT, Germany) (IPHT, Germany) Jessy vs vs Landtem (CSIRO, Australia) (CSIRO, Australia) Landtem

  18. Slingram - Z Z - Jessy Jessy vs vs LandTEM LandTEM Slingram 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx- -Tx = 400m, Depth Tx = 400m, Depth 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx = 250m = 250m

  19. Slingram - X X - Jessy Jessy vs vs LandTEM LandTEM Slingram 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx- -Tx = 400m, Depth Tx = 400m, Depth 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx = 250m = 250m

  20. Slingram - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Slingram 800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx- -Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m 800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx

  21. Slingram - - X X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Slingram 800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx- -Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m 800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx

  22. Slingram - - Z Z - - 800m 800m vs vs 400m x 2 Loop 400m x 2 Loop Slingram 20A, Rx- -Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m 20A, Rx

  23. Slingram - - X X - - 800m 800m vs vs 400m x 2 Loop 400m x 2 Loop Slingram 20A, Rx- -Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m 20A, Rx

  24. Slingram SQUID vs vs In In- -Loop Coil Loop Coil - - Z Z Slingram SQUID 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Rx- -Tx = 1000m, Depth = 650m Tx = 1000m, Depth = 650m 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Rx

  25. g g Tx Tx 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m

  26. Slingram - - X X - - 1400m 1400m vs vs 1000m Rx 1000m Rx- -Tx Tx Slingram 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m

  27. Fixed Loop - - X X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E- -250E, Depth = < 100m 250E, Depth = < 100m 250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E

  28. Fixed Loop - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E- -250E, Depth = < 100m 250E, Depth = < 100m 250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E

  29. Fixed Loop - - X X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W- -200E, Depth = 550m 200E, Depth = 550m 400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W

  30. Fixed Loop - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W- -200E, Depth = 550m 200E, Depth = 550m 400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W

  31. Fixed Loop - - X X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S- -800S, Depth = 500m 800S, Depth = 500m 600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S

  32. Fixed Loop - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S- -800S, Depth = 500m 800S, Depth = 500m 600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S

  33. Fixed Loop - - X X - - 400m 400m vs vs 800m Loop 800m Loop Fixed Loop 1000W- -600W and 1400W 600W and 1400W- -600W, 18A, Depth = 750m 600W, 18A, Depth = 750m 1000W

  34. Fixed Loop - - Z Z - - 400m 400m vs vs 800m Loop 800m Loop Fixed Loop 1000W- -600W and 1400W 600W and 1400W- -600W, 18A, Depth = 750m 600W, 18A, Depth = 750m 1000W

  35. Fixed Loop - - Z & X Z & X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W- -800W, Depth = 500m 800W, Depth = 500m 800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W

  36. Fixed Loop - - X X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W- -800W, Depth = 500m 800W, Depth = 500m 800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W

  37. SQUID TEM Modelling - - West Loop West Loop - - West Conductors West Conductors SQUID TEM Modelling

  38. SQUID TEM Modelling - - Both Loops Both Loops - - West Conductors West Conductors SQUID TEM Modelling

  39. SQUID TEM Modelling - - East Loop East Loop – – East Conductor East Conductor SQUID TEM Modelling

  40. SQUID TEM Modelling - - Both Loops Both Loops - - East Conductor East Conductor SQUID TEM Modelling

  41. SQUID TEM Modelling - - Both Loops Both Loops - - Both Conductors Both Conductors SQUID TEM Modelling

  42. SQUID TEM Modelling - - Both Loops Both Loops - - Two Conductor Two Conductor SQUID TEM Modelling

  43. Fixed Loop - - X X - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E- -3900E, Depth = 900 3900E, Depth = 900- -1200m 1200m 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E

  44. Fixed Loop - - Z Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E- -3900E, Depth = 900 3900E, Depth = 900- -1200m 1200m 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E

  45. Fixed Loop - - X & Z X & Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E- -3900E, Depth = 900 3900E, Depth = 900- -1200m 1200m 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E

  46. Fixed Loop - - X & Z X & Z - - SQUID SQUID vs vs Coil Coil Fixed Loop 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E- -3900E, Depth = 900 3900E, Depth = 900- -1200m 1200m 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E

  47. Fixed Loop - - Z Z Fixed Loop LandTEM vs vs fluxgates fluxgates vs vs Jessy Jessy LandTEM 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E- -3900E, Depth = 900 3900E, Depth = 900- -1200m 1200m 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E

  48. Lalor TEM Modelling TEM Modelling - - All Loops All Loops - - All Data All Data Lalor

  49. Lalor TEM Modelling TEM Modelling - - Final Model Final Model Lalor

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