DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA HISTORICAL RECORDS OF 1815 REINSTATEMENT OF TRANQUEBAR Presented by Markand D. Dave Map of Tranquebar | Circa 1820 - 25 Presented at British Empire Study Group Seminar on Indian Philately held at the Collector's Club, New York, on October 15, 2011. 1
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA HISTORICAL RECORDS OF 1815 REINSTATEMENT OF TRANQUEBAR BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA PORTUGUESE (MAY 27, 1498) DUTCH (1595) ARRIVAL OF VASCO DA GAMA AT CALICUT DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY (1602) GOA,(1510), DIU, DAMAN,SALSETTE, TRADING POSTS AT SURAT, BROACH, CAMBAY, AHMEDABAD BASSEIN, CHITTAGONG AND HOOGLY (GUJARAT), COCHIN, NAGAPATNAM, CHINSURAH (BENGAL), PATNA AND AGRA. TAKEN OVER BY BRITISH EAST INDIA CO IN 1759. BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY (1600) DANISH (1620) FIRST TRADING POST AT SURAT 1612 DANISH EAST INDIA COMPANY - TRADING POSTS AT MADRAS 1639 CALICUT (1572-1791), DANNEMARKSNAGORE (1698-1714) BOMBAY 1661 SOUTH EAST CHANDERNAGORE, CALCUTTA1690 UDDGWAY TORRE (1696-1722) ON MALABAR COAST, TRANQUEBAR (FORT DANSBORG), SERAMPORE, FREDRIKSNAGORE BALASORE AND NICOBAR ISLAND (FRIEDRIKSOERNE) FRENCH (1668) END OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA TRADING POSTS AT DUTCH (1759) SURAT 1668, CHANDERNAGOR 1690-92, DANISH 1845 sold to British. MASULIPATAM 1669, MAHE 1725, BRITISH 1947 (AUG) PONDICHERRY 1674 AND KARAIKAL 1730 PORTUGUESE 1962 FRENCH 1954 2
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA THE MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA Balasore 3
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA EARLY HISTORY Port view of Tranquebar Early sketh of Capital of Danish Settlement Circa 1620 - 25. Capital Fort Dansborg Dansborg Fort built by Ove Gjedde in 1620 at Tranquebar as it is today. 4
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA EARLY HISTORY First Governor Language(s) Danish Tamil Hindustani ( Hindi ) Bengali Governors Ove Gjedde 1620-1621 Sivert Cortsen Adeler 1673-1682 Christian Frederik Høyer 1759-1760 Peter Anker 1788-1806 Hans de Brinck-Seidelin 1825-1829 Peder Hansen 1841-1845 Ove Gjedde (or Gedde) Born in 1594 | Died in 1660 5
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY Service Letter dated May 10, 1798 from Fort St. George to Tranquebar. Addressed to His Excellency Major General (Peter) Anker, The 4th Governor of Danish Settlements British officer ( Fort st. George ) transmiting the message to Peter Anker ( Tranquebar ) which is received from Commanding officer - Karikal ( French Sett ) 6
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY Reproduced by the permission of CORINPHILA AUKTIONEN AG ( 2010 ) EDITION D'OR XX, Classic India & Scinde 1600 - 1858 From Collection - Jochen Heddergot, Germany Earliest known from Danish Settlement Balasore 7 December, 1658 7
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS TRANQUEBAR Giles # 1 Giles # 2 Giles # 3 Giles # 4 Giles # 5 SERAMPORE Giles # 6 Giles # 7 Giles # 1 8
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS TRANQUEBAR Giles # 1 Post Paid / TRANQR Giles Type # 1 , Circa 1797-1808 ( Usage before 1815 ) Entire from Danish Sett to French Sett ( Pondicherry ) in India 9
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS TRANQUEBAR Giles # 2 Courtesy Frank Banke | Belguim Tranquebar Post not Paid Giles Type # 2 Entire from Danish Sett to French Sett ( Pondicherry ) in India 10
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS TRANQUEBAR Giles # 4 By Permission of J Heddergot | Germany Tranquebar Paid Giles Type # 4 Entire from Tranquebar to Calcutta ( British India ) 11
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS TRANQUEBAR Giles # 5 By Permission of J Heddergot | Germany Tranquebar Bearing Giles Type # 5 Entire from Tranquebar to Madras ( British India ) 12
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS TRANQUEBAR Giles # 6 Courtesy Frank Banke | Belguim Tranquebar Paid Giles Type # 6 Entire from Tranquebar to Madras ( British India ) 13
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA POSTAL HISTORY OF HAND STRUCK STAMPS SERAMPORE Giles # 1 Courtesy Frank Banke | Belguim Entire from Serampore Giles # 1 to Gowhaty 14
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA INFORMATION ON DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA IS SKETCHY The Encyclopedia of British Empire Stamps - VOL-III by Robson Lowe India used abroad by Vispi Dastur India used abroad by Jal cooper 15
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA DANISH SETTLEMENTS FALLS INTO FOUR DISTINCT PERIOD 1616-1801 / 02 DANISH PERIOD 1802-1814/15 WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND DANISH EFFECT OF NAPOLEONIC WAR 1815-1845 DANISH PERIOD WITH BRITISH P.O. IN TRANQUEBAR ONLY 1845 onwards UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY PRELIMINARY HISTORY | FRENCH RELATION IN 1802 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE BECAME THE FIRST CONSUL FOR LIFE AND IN 1804 TOOK THE TITLE OF EMPEROR OF FRANCE. NAPOLEON IN JULY 1798 DEFEATED THE MAMELUKES AT THE BATTLE OF THE PYRAMIDS. HE HOPED TO MARCH ON AND CONQUER THE BRITISH INDIA. DENMARK HAD SIDED WITH FRANCE IN THE NAPOLENIC WAR. NAPOLEON WOULD HELP DENMARK LED TO THE WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND DANES IN INDIA DURING 1801/02 - 1814/15 DEFEAT OF NAPOLEON BY THE BRITISH AT THE BATTLE OF NILE PREVENTED HIM TO ATTACK BRITISH INDIA 16
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA REMOVAL OF BRITISH MILITARY I am directed to acquaint you that orders have been given to the Military Board for removing from Tranquebar the British Ordnance and stores now at that station. 17
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA THIS PRESENTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE PERIOD 1801/02 - 1814/15 AUTHOR HAS ACQUIRED SEVERAL AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS / CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES IN FORT ST. GEORGE AND DANISH AUTHORITIES IN TRANQUEBAR, ABOUT THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF POSTAL SERVICES AT THE END OF 1801-1814 WAR. Parat # 2, Your arrangement for re-establishing a British Post Office at Tranquebar has been approved and communicated to the Post Master General. He has desired to report the usage, formerly observed in regard to the Payment of Postage by the Danish Government whose dispatches will post free, pending the expense to the Records of his office. 18
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA THIS PRESENTATION IS CONCERNED WITH THE PERIOD 1801/02 - 1814/15 To. The British Commissioners Tranquebar Gentlemen, nd Para 1 I am directed by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22 Ultimo. 2 Your arrangement for re-establishing a British Post Office at Tranquebar has been approved and communicated to the Post Master General. He has desired to report the usage, formerly observed in regard to the Payment of Postage by the Danish Government whose dispatches will post free, pending the expense to the Records of his office. 3 You will ascertain sentiments of the Danish Commissioners respecting the mode of adjusting Accounts between the two governments, and you will submit the result with your own observations for the considerations of the Governor in Council. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Fort St. George Your most obedient Servant th 13 October 1815 /Signed/ G. Strachy Chief Sec Political Department 19
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA ESTABLISHMENT OF “FREE POSTAL” SERVICE ....that the necessary orders have been issued at this office. ....that all letters franked by his Excellency the for allowing ( for the present ) dispatches of Governor of Tranquebar shall be exempt from postage. The Governor in Council considers it unnecessary to Danish Government of Tranquebar to post free of postage. extend this privilege to the other members of the Danish Govt. 20
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA UN-RECORDED EXAMPLE Evidence of Post free service, Dt : 17 January, 1848 TRANQUEBAR TRANQUEBAR FREE FREE Late usage Proves that the Privilege was available even after 1845. Perhaps extended up to 1869 until the Danish made the final exit from Nicobar Island ( Frederiksorene). 21
DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA RESTITUTION OF TRANQUEBAR The manner proposed in the note for the final adjustment at the restitution of Tranquebar. Paragraphs here under which are extracts from the instructions issued in the same year by the British Government to the governor General in India Marques Wellesley as follows : S.1. That the Possessions belonging to the Government of India and now accepted by his Majesty's Forces are to be restored to that power in the same state in which they were when taken possession of. S.2. That all the archives of the Danish Government, artilleries, arms and military stores, horses, and in that all property of His Danish Majesty except such Provisions as may have been consumed by His Majestys Forces, or used for the public service are to be restored. S.3. That, ships of war and merchants' valuable belonging to His Danish Majesty, or to his subjects, between the parts or neighboring seas of the several settlements, are also to be restored in the same state in which they were when taken possession of. S.4. That with regard to revenues there of, whatever sum may have been received, during the times said settlements may have been in the possession of His Majestys army shall be accounted for the Danish Government with the exception of such disbursement for the public service as have here to fore been customarily deployed out of the public funds. 22
Recommend
More recommend
