Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries DAFFODIL Effective Support for Using Digital Libraries Norbert Fuhr University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany *Supported by DFG as part of the Research Programme V 3 D 2 1
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Daffodil concepts Strategic information access support 1. Levels of system support 2. Digital library life cycle 3. Collaboration 4. User-friendly integrated desktop 5. 2
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 1. Strategic information access support Levels of search activities (Bates 1990): Move: Low-level search function 1. (e.g. type in search term, view retrieved document) Tactic: several moves to further a search 2. (e.g. broaden/narrow a query) Stratagem: set of actions on a single domain 3. (citation database, tables of contents of journals) Strategy: complete plan for satisfying an 4. information need (e.g. subject search, browse relevant journals, find referenced articles) 3
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries System architecture Strategic Strategies User-Interface support in 4 Stratagems layers Federated Tactics digital libraries Moves of different types DL DL DL Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI 4
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Moves Distributed Strategies search of data User-Interface from different Stratagems Digital Libraries & Web sources Tactics Provide homogenous Moves access to data and functions DL DL DL ~15 sources accessed Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI 5
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Resultlist 6 Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Combined detail view Attributes Links internal external 7 Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Tactics Strategies Combine services User-Interface Speed up search Stratagems Redefine query Tactics Moves DL DL DL Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI 8
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Extract from Result List 9 Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Stratagems Cover an Strategies User-Interface information Stratagems domain Combine all Tactics retrieved Moves information & links DL DL DL Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI 10
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Stratagems on the Desktop – Subject Search – Author networks – Citation Search – Journal/Conference Run 11
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Author Networks Author network based stratagems: 1. Author network browse 2. Ranking a document result set using author centrality 12
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Citation Search: Reference Tracking � A relevant document is dragged to the tool for citation tracking � Documents that cite or are cited are retrieved � Browsing , Inspection and Navigaton � Drag and Drop � Can be performed iteratively 13
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Strategy Strategies User-Interface Complex plan to Stratagems fullfill a specific task Tactics Moves DL DL DL Moves – Tactics – Stratagems – Strategies – GUI 14
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 2. Levels of system support 0. Rigid system behavior 1. Adaptive system 2. Proactive system 15
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Adaptivity Agents collect information 1. Library agents: content and technical aspects of connected DLs User agents: behavior of single users/user group Agents change system behavior based 2. on collected info Library agents: select preferred DLs,… User agents: offer preferred functions,… 16
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Proactivity Agents act without explicit invocation Implemented as event-condition-action rules, e.g. – when query result is empty, broaden query – suggest related keywords for query – when author name is ambiguous, display possible completions 17
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Proactivity 18
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 3. Digital library life cycle Knowledge Resource generation selection Retrieving items Evaluation of results Organizing items 19
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Collate Save all digital objects in a structured personal digital library Awareness: – Keep an eye on my topics – focused crawling (BINGO!) Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 20
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Collate Personal library: Store Objects • Document Metadata • Fulltexts • Authors • Journals, Conferences • Hyperlinks, Bookmarks • Query formulations Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 21
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Personal Library 22
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Interpret Annotations to DL objects Creation of links between DL objects Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 23
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Re-Present (support generation of new information) Export folders from personal library Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 24
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 4. Collaboration Private Private Private Group Group Public 25 Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Collation and awareness New objects (by other users/ due to profile) Notification mechanisms (visual markers/ email) Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 26
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Collaborate interpretation Annotation threads Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 27
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Recommendation Recommended digital objects through collaboration: – What do others have for me? – Who are the others? – How did others search? Discover – Retrieve – Collate – Interpret – Re-Present 28
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 5. User-friendly integrated desktop Integrate distributed services and software agents in consistent manner Provide tool chains to enable users to combine services Ensure flexible workflow with free choice of starting point Hide complexity 29
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Desktop 30
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Search � Search Domain Specification � Filter Settings and Query Composition � Integrated Result Lists with Draggable Objects � Navigation � Detail Inspection 31
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 6. Evaluation Evaluation with 28 subjects Methods: questionnaire, logging, video Tasks of different complexity Major results: – Only for very simple tasks (known item retrieval), other methods may be faster – Complex tasks are supported very effectively 32
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries 7. Summary Daffodil concepts Strategic information access support • Levels of system support • Digital library life cycle • Collaboration • User-friendly integrated desktop • 33
Representational Model of Common Elements Interaction Transformations Cognitive Completion Understanding Queries DWIM Discovery Store User Chunking Collaboration Massaging Automatic Results & Capture User Annotation Managing Interpretive Personal Capture Libraries [Larsen & Wactlar: Summary of NSF WS on Future Directions for DLs, 2003]
Distributed Agents for User-Friendly Access of Digital Libraries Outlook Further research Support strategies – Path model: define/learn successful usage – patterns New application domains: – additional object types, • support re-present stage • Application for large user communities Try Daffodil: http://www.daffodil.de 35
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