CYPRUS 20 16 4 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management An approach to islands' self-contained waste m anagem ent system with the goal of m axim izing the recovery while lim iting transportation costs Authors Nicosia F.G. Luciano A. Viotti P. Fino D. Mancini G. Lim a ssol, Cy p rus June 23 th 20 16 gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 1
Waste management approach in each country of Europe gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 2
Waste management approach in regions of Italy Landill WTE plants Recycling gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 3
Landfills in in use Sicily before the state of em ergency was declared in 1999 gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 4
Landfills in use in 20 0 2 gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 5
Many of these landfill are alm ost full Main objective in Sicily TO DRAMATICALLY REDUCE THE PERCENTAGE OF WASTE DISPOSAL INTO LANDFILL Developm ent of facilities ARPA 2010 gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 6
Large mechanical/biological waste treatment plants gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 7
Poor results from mechanical separation gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 8
il recupero di materia da TMB su indifferenziato gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 9
Frazione umida da TMB su indifferenziato the regional government gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 10
The current opinion of regional government: .......shipping the waste abroad ....and of course going on with landfill disposal gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 11
The national government VS the regional goverment: Sicily must increase recovery 5 or 6 “small” and have 2 WTE gasification plants close plants, one in to the existing landfills to Catania and one reduce transportation in Palermo costs and impact on the traffic gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 12
Goals best combination of typology and location of waste facilities Regional waste management system optimal assignment of waste flows, reduce the operation costs and the environmental impacts of transportation. ? Critical component Transportation Complexity of the system Analytical/simulation tools gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 13
Starting from these data 1 Area = 25,711 km 2 • 4 Population = 5,0 45,176 inhabitants • Density = 196.23 inh/ km² • MSW production = about 2,727,570 t/ year • MSW production per capita = 520 kg/ capita/ year • Dominant solution for MSW disposal Landfills ( about 90 % ) gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 14
Distribution sicilian population 700.000 Distribuzione della popolazione nei comuni della Sicilia Palermo 600.000 500.000 Size is important 400.000 300.000 Catania Messina 200.000 100.000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 15
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis for the integrated waste m anagem ent scenarios in Sicily Main cities Palermo - Catania - Messina Popoulation Waste 1,315,000 inhabitants 710,250 tons/ y Sm all towns Waste Popoulation 3,736,000 inhabitants 2,017,320 tons/ y gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 16
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis for the integrated waste m anagem ent scenarios in Sicily Percentage of recovery for waste category in large cities and small towns. gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 17
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis for the integrated waste m anagem ent scenarios in Sicily Five scenarios for waste management in the region were proposed in order to investigate the related environmental and economic transportation costs. A recovery rate equal to 50 % of the total waste produced (50 %MSW) in Sicily (about 1,300,000 tons/ y) was considered for all the scenarios, in an optimistic management prospective characterized by high rates of waste collection in the small towns. gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 18
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily Scenario 1 50% of MSW Mechanical Biological Treatment Landfills (n. 14) gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 19
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily Scenario 2 50% of MSW Large Incinerators (n. 4) gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 20
The unbelievable transport model gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 21
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily Scenario 3 50% of MSW Mechanical Biological Treatment RDF in cement plants (n. 5) gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 22
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily Scenario 4 50% of MSW Mechanical Biological Treatment RDF in cement plants (n. 5) + gasifiers (n. 3) gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 23
METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily Scenario 5 50% of MSW Large Incinerators (n. 3) gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 24
METHODOLOGY The procedure is based on a mathematical model running within a GIS software platform , able to include all relevant socio-economic and territorial data. TransCad was used to develop a model that: combines GIS and transportation m odeling capabilities in a single • integrated platform; can create and customize maps, build and maintain geographic data sets, and • perform many different types of spatial analysis. gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 25
METHODOLOGY Zoning 26 MACRO ZONES gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 26
METHODOLOGY 2 7 Network gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 27
METHODOLOGY “Fa cility loca tion” “Minim um -cost flow ” gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 28
METHODOLOGY Definition of transportation cost C Tr = C f + C t + C pt + C tm C Tr = Cost of transportation C f = Fuel Cost C t = Tires Cost C pt = Property Tax C tm = Truck Maintenance Costs Using the above specific costs and assuming and average speeds of 30 km/ h in the urban road network and 55 km/ h in the extra-urban road network, a unit transportation cost of 0.11 €/ ton-km was estimated. gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 29
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 1 Total Cost: 7,951 €/ day gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 30
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 2 Total Cost: 14,689 €/ day gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 31
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 3a (1/ 2) Total Cost: 11,992 €/ day gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 32
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 3b (2/ 2) Total Cost: 9,529 €/ day gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 33
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 4a (1/ 2) Total Cost: 11,992 €/ day gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 34
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 4b (2/ 2) Total Cost: 3,049 €/ day gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 35
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 5 Total Cost: 15,203 € gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 36
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three critical sections of the road network in Sicily gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 37
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 38
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 39
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 40
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios Scenario 1 : 63 truck/ day lower number of “truck per day” less impacting on traffic do not fulfill European Union guidelines gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 41
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios Scenario 2 : 77 truck/ day low impact on traffic flow not accepted by public opinion gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 42
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios Scenario 3 : 112 truck/ day the higher impact on traffic flow the more cost-effective than the other scenarios gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 43
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios Scenario 4 : 8 6 truck/ day the impact on traffic flow drops considerably gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 44
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios Scenario 5 : 10 3 truck/ day Traffic flows moderately high gm a ncini@d ii.unict.it CYPRUS 20 16 45
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