Cultural Resource M Management U.S. Na Nation onal Park Service Presented to The Institute for Parks, People and Biodiversity University of California September 6, 2019 Stephanie Toothman, Ph.D. Kalaupapa National Historical Park
Cultural Resource M Management The N National l Park S Serv rvic ice w will ill protect, preser erve, a and foster er a apprec eciation o of the he cul ultural r resources in n its c cus usto tody and nd de demonstrate te i its r respect f for t the he people les t traditio ionall lly a asso ssociated with Big Hole National Battlefield thos ose r resou ources throu ough a approp opriate programs ms of research, p planning, a and stewardship. National P Park Service M e Managem ement P Policies es 2006, C Cultura ral Resourc rce Ma Management, Chapter F r Five ve .
Cultu tural R Resou ources ces: Tangible and intangible aspects of cultural systems, both living and dead, that are valued by or representative of a given culture or that contain information about a culture. Effigy Mounds National Monument Independence National Historical Park
Cu Culture/Nature: Natural resources such as fish, clean water, and plant materials may be considered as cultural resources if they support a way of life. Salmon returning to the Elwha River, Olympic National Park Musselshell Meadows, Nez Perce National Historical Park
NPS Cultural Resources Classifi ficati tions • Arch cheological R Resource ces • Cultural L Landscapes • Ethnograp aphic R Resources • Historic a and P Prehistoric c Struct ctures • Museum C Collections Fort Monroe National Monument
Archeol eological R Resou ources ces a are t e the s sites es a and m mater erial remain ins of of past h t human l life or or activ ctivit itie ies w which a are of of arch cheolo logic ical i l interest s such ch a as too ools ls, p , pottery, r rock ck carvings, a and h human an r remai ains. Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site Jamestown, Colonial National Historical Park Biscayne National Park Petrified Forest National Park
Cultural La l Landscapes r rep epresent th the c e com ombin ined w works o of nature an and m man an. They a are g geographic a areas, i including both c cultural a and n natural r resources a associated with a a historic e event, a activity, o or person o or exhibiting o other cultural o or aesthetic v values. Gettysburg National Military Park National Mall, Lincoln Memorial
Ethnogr graphic Resources are r resources o of cultural sign gnificance t to the p peoples t traditionally associated wi with them. m. Historic Salmon Drying Rack, Brooks Camp Chaco Culture National Historical Park Katmai National Park and Preserve
Histor oric a and Prehistoric B c Buildings a are c e crea eated ed principally t to provide s shelter f for h human a activities. Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality National Monument Chaco Culture National Historic Park Olympic National Park
Histor oric a and Prehistoric S c Structu tures es a are f e functi tion onal con onstructio ions m made f for or p purposes o oth ther th than human sh shelter Sheep Shearing Pens John Day Fossil Beds NM Cairn, Mount Rainier National Park
Museum Obje ject cts a are m materia ial th l thin ings p pos osses essin ing functional, a aesthetic, c cultural s symbolic, a and o or sci cien entifi ific v c value, u , usually lly m movable le b by natu ture or or des esig ign. N . NPS m main intain ins b both oth cu cultural a l and n natu tural l col olle lect ctio ions.
The N Nati tion onal P Park S Servi vice m ce manages es c cultu tural resou ources ces in e ever ery u unit of the Nati tion onal P Park S System em
The m e majo jorit ity of of th the e Natio tional P l Park S System’s u unit its were d designated ed t to commem emor orate a and p pres eser erve nationally s significant e events, p people, a and p places. Ellis Island Tuskeegee Airman NHS Cesar E. Chavez National Monument Saint Gaudens National Historical Park Clara Barton National Historic Site
The N e Natio ional P l Park S Ser ervic ice t tells ells s stor orie ies a and m manages res esources th that s span th thousands of of yea ears f from ea early ly sites of of human h habit itatio ion t to o th the 1 1960s ci civil r vil rights mov ovem emen ents. Arlington Man Site, Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site Channel Islands National Park
The National P Park S Service manages • 2,000,000 prehistoric and historic archaeological sites • 27,000 historic and pre-contact structures • 2100 Cultural Landscapes • 3,500 statues, monuments and memorials • 167,000,000 million objects and archival documents
The N Nati tion onal P Park S Servi vice m ce manages es c cultu tural r resou ources ces within a a nation onal framework of historic p pres eser ervati tion on and e envi viron onmental l laws, p proc oclamati tion ons, e execu ecuti tive orders, r regulations ns, s standar ards a and g guidelines t that provi vide t e the f e foundati tion on f for o our m managem emen ent p t polici cies es. .
This framework mandates a high level of stewardship for cultural resources, while providing the flexibility to address the diversity of cultural resources within the national park system
U.S. Laws, Standards, and Management Policies that guide NPS cultural resource management • The Antiquities Act (1906) • The National Park Service Organic Act (1916) • The Historic Sites Act (1935) • The National Historic Preservation Act (1966) • Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) • Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines • National Park Service Management Policies (2006) .
National Park Service Organic Act (1916) • Mandates the preservation of the “historic sites” within the parks, while providing for their enjoyment by present and future generations of Americans • This dual mandate creates challenges for the preservation of cultural resources. Cultural resources are finite and subject to deterioration from age, consumptive use, and exposure to the environment.
Nati tion onal H Histor oric P Pres eser ervation Ac Act 1966 • Establishes a federal-state-tribal-local government partnership to carry out the national preservation program • Directs all Federal Agencies to establish historic preservation programs to protect historic properties under their jurisdiction (Section 110) • Requires federal agencies to consult with interested parties on the potential effects of proposed federal undertakings on historic properties eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Section 106) • Establishes the National Register of Historic Places, maintained by the National Park Service
NPS NPS Managem emen ent P Policies outline a process of research, planning, and stewardship for parks to manage their cultural resources NPS NPS Direc ector or’s Order ers and Ha Handbook oks provide specific guidance and technical information to support these policies.
Resea earch: The NPS conducts an interdisciplinary program of research into the cultural resources of each park. Research goals include: • Providing a systematic, adequate, and current information base representing park cultural resources and traditionally associated peoples in support of planning, management, and operations. • Ensuring appropriate protection, preservation, treatment, and interpretation of cultural resources, employing the best current scholarship. • Developing appropriate technologies and methods for monitoring, protecting, preserving, and treating cultural resources.
Signifi ficance: ce: T The N Nati tional R Register o of H Histor oric c Places es C Criter eria f for E Evaluati tion on Objects, sites, districts and buildings: A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history Boott Mills, Lowell National Historic Park U.S.S. Arizona, Pearl Harbor
National Register Criterion B Associated with the lives of significant persons in our past Harriet Tubman National Historic Site John F. Kennedy National Historic Site
Nati tional Register Criterion C C Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or Represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction Parterre at Hampton National Historic Site Visitor Center, Dinosaur National Monument
Nati tional Register Criterion D D D. Have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory. Ice patch archeology, Glacier National Park Denali National Park
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