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CS26007 Introduction to Wireless Networking Guangtao Xue Department of Computer Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Fall 2015 Course Information Course Information Course #: CS26007 Lecture: T8:55 11:40 pm @

  1. CS26007 ： Introduction to Wireless Networking Guangtao Xue Department of Computer Sciences ， Shanghai Jiao Tong University Fall 2015

  2. Course Information • Course Information • Course #: CS26007 • Lecture: T8:55 – 11:40 pm @ 陈瑞球楼 207 • Course homepage: http://www.cs.sjtu.edu.cn/~xue- gt/wireless/wireless.html • Xue’s Office hour: W 2-4pm or by appt. @ SEIEE 3.129 • Teaching assistant: Guang Yang, glfpes@sjtu.edu.cn • Office hour: W 11am-noon SEIEE 3.129

  3. Course Workload • Grading -Class participation: 20% (include in-class exercises) -Homework: 30% -Project: 50%

  4. Course Material • Required textbook – Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols by C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj – Mobile Communications by Jochen Schiller • Recommended references – Computer Networking: A top down approach featuring the Internet by James Kurose and Keith Ross – 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide by Matthew S. Gast – Wireless Communications Principles and Practice by Ted Rappaport – Ad Hoc Networking by Charles E. Perkins

  5. Motivation

  6. Mobile and Wireless Services – Always Best Connected UMTS, GSM GSM 53 kbit/s 115 kbit/s LAN, WLAN Bluetooth 500 kbit/s ������ 600 Mbps UMTS, DECT 2 Mbit/s GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s, WLAN 780 kbit/s UMTS, GSM GSM 115 kbit/s, 384 kbit/s WLAN 11 Mbit/s

  7. On the road

  8. On the Road UMTS, WLAN, DAB, GSM, WiMAX, LTE cdma2000, TETRA, ... GPS, GSM, WLAN, Bluetooth, Ad hoc networks

  9. Home Networking ���� ���� ��������� �� � !��"�����#�� ��� �� � ���� ��������� ������������ �� � ������� �� � ���� !��"�����#�� !��"�����#�� �!$%&'�(%��$)*

  10. Last7Mile Total Rank Country DSL p.p. Cable p.p. Other p.p. Total p.p. H.p. Date subscribers — World ] 4.0% 1.3% 0.8% 6.1% 349,980,000 Dec. 2007 N/A Dec. H1, 1 China 3.9% 5.0% [3] 93,500,000 N/A N/A N/A 2009 Jun. Q1, 2 US 9.3% 11.5% 1.3% 22.1% 83,968,547 N/A 2009 Jun. Q1, 3 Japna 10.8% 2.9% 7.6% 21.3% 30,631,900 N/A 2009 Jun. Q1, 4 Germany 20.2% 1.0% 0.1% 29.4% 24,144,350 N/A 2009 5 Mexico 13.7% 2.1% 0.0% 15.8% N/A 17,267,285 Q4, 2009 Jun. Q1, 6 France 21.4% 1.1% 0.0% 22.5% 18,009,500 N/A 2009 Jun. Q1, 7 UK ] 18.4% 5.3% 0.0% 23.7% 17,661,100 N/A 2009 South Jun. Q1, 8 10.1% 10.6% 9.2% 29.9% 15,709,771 N/A Korea 2009 Jun. Q1, 9 Italy ] 15.4% 0.0% 0.4% 15.8% 12,447,533 N/A 2009 10 India N/A N/A N/A 1% N/A 10,520,000 Oct. 2010

  11. Last7Mile • Many users still don’t have broadband – Reasons: out of service area; some consider expensive • Broadband speed is still limited – DSL: 300Kbps – 6Mbps – Cable modem: depends on your neighbors – Insufficient for several applications (e.g., high7 quality video streaming)

  12. Disaster Recovery Network • 9/11, Tsunami, Irene, Hurricane Katrina, China, South Asian, Haidi earthquakes … • Wireless communication capability can make a difference between life and death! • How to enable efficient, flexible, and resilient communication? – Rapid deployment – Efficient resource and energy usage – Flexible: unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast – Resilient: survive in unfavorable and untrusted environment

  13. Environmental Monitoring • Micro1sensors, on1 board processing, wireless interfaces feasible at very small scale11can monitor phenomena “up close” • Enables spatially and ������������������������� ��������������������� temporally dense environmental monitoring ��������������������� �������������������������� ������������������� �������������������� ����������� ������������� ���������

  14. Wearable Computing

  15. Challenges in Wireless Networking Research

  16. Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable Wireless Links • Wireless links are less reliable • They may vary over time and space Standard Deviation v. Reception v. Distance Asymmetry vs. Power Reception rate � ������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� �������������

  17. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference !� ,� !+ ,+

  18. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference !� ,� !+ ,+ • Hidden terminals !� ,� ,+ !+

  19. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference !� ,� !+ ,� • Hidden terminals !� ,� ,+ • Exposed terminal ,� !� !+ ,+

  20. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference ,� !� !+ ,� • Hidden terminals !+ !� ,� • Exposed terminal ,� !� !+ ,+ • Wireless security – Eavesdropping, Denial of service, …

  21. Challenge 3: Intermittent Connectivity • Reasons for intermittent connectivity – Mobility – Environmental changes • Existing networking protocols assume always7on networks • Under intermittent connected networks – Routing, TCP, and applications all break • Need a new paradigm to support communication under such environments

  22. Challenge 4: Limited Resources • Limited battery power • Limited bandwidth • Limited processing and storage power PDA Laptop • data Sensors, • fully functional • simpler graphical displays embedded • standard applications • 802.11 controllers • battery; 802.11 Mobile phones • voice, data • simple graphical displays • GSM

  23. Introduction to Wireless Networking

  24. Internet Protocol Stack • Application: supporting network applications application – FTP, SMTP, HTTP • Transport: data transfer between transport processes – TCP, UDP network • Network: routing of datagrams from source to destination link – IP, routing protocols • Link: data transfer between physical neighboring network elements – Ethernet, WiFi • Physical: bits “on the wire” – Coaxial cable, optical fibers, radios

  25. Physical Layer

  26. Outline • Signal • Frequency allocation • Signal propagation • Multiplexing • Modulation • Spread Spectrum

  27. Overview of Wireless Transmissions ��#��� �#���� -�� ���#�� ������ ������&����#� ���##��&����#� ���������# �����"�� -�� ������ ������&������#� ���##��&������#� �����������#

  28. Signals • Physical representation of data • Function of time and location • Classification – continuous time/discrete time – continuous values/discrete values – analog signal = continuous time and continuous values – digital signal = discrete time and discrete values

  29. Signals (Cont.) • Signal parameters of periodic signals: – period T, frequency f=1/T – amplitude A – phase shift ϕ – sine wave as special periodic signal for a carrier: s(t) = A t sin(2 π f t t + ϕ t ) 1 0 t

  30. Fourier Transform: Every Signal Can be Decomposed as a Collection of Harmonics ∞ ∞ � ∑ ∑ = + π + π � / � . � � ��#/ + ��� . � ���/ + ��� . � � + = = � � � � 1 1 0 0 t t ideal periodical decomposition digital signal ���&����&�����#���&����%&���&�������&���&�����0������#&�����1

  32. Why Not Send Digital Signal in Wireless Communications? • Digital signals need – infinite frequencies for perfect transmission – however, we have limited frequencies in wireless communications

  33. Frequencies for Communication twisted coax cable optical transmission pair 100 � m 1 � m 1 Mm 10 km 100 m 1 m 10 mm 300 Hz 30 kHz 3 MHz 300 MHz 30 GHz 3 THz 300 THz VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF infrared visible light UV VLF = Very Low Frequency UHF = Ultra High Frequency LF = Low Freq., submarine SHF = Super High Frequency MF = Medium Freq., radio EHF = Extra High Frequency HF = High Freq., radio Visible light VHF = Very High Frequency, TV UV = Ultraviolet Light Frequency and wave length: λ = c/f , wave length λ , speed of light c ≅ 3x10 8 m/s, frequency f

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