CS 598: Advanced Internet Brighten Godfrey pbg@illinois.edu Fall 2009 Tuesday, August 25, 2009 1
Today Course Overview Internet History What’s Next Tuesday, August 25, 2009 2
This course • is instructed by Brighten Godfrey (pbg@illinois.edu, 3128 Siebel) • takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30 - 4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel • comes with FREE office hours: currently, Fri 10:30-11:30am (we’ll reselect in a week or two) and by appointment • has a web site: http://www.cs.illinois.edu/homes/pbg/ courses/cs598fa09/ Tuesday, August 25, 2009 3
Your Instructor • Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, Spring 2009, advised by Ion Stoica • Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity • Research interests: Design of highly reliable, flexible, and efficient networked systems, algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems. Currently Internet and routing architectures. Tuesday, August 25, 2009 4
Course Goals • Learn how the Internet works; how the Internet fails to work; new research re- envisioning the architecture and attacking new problems • Experience in networking research, and how to read, criticize and present papers Tuesday, August 25, 2009 5
Major topics • Classic Architecture • Big Challenges Congestion Control • Routing Scale • Security Reliability • Measurement Independence • Selfishness New Internet Architectures Maliciousness • Recent Topics (Overlay/P2P, DTN, data center) Classic & recent, Design & analysis Tuesday, August 25, 2009 6
Requirements & Grading • Project (50%) • Paper reviews (15%) • Paper presentations (20%) • Class participation (15%) Tuesday, August 25, 2009 7
1 . Class project • Goal: research project that could be developed into a conference submission • Work alone or in groups of two • Next lecture: Project ideas. Pick one or use your own. • Steps: (1) topic approval, (2) midterm presentation, (3) final poster presentation, (4) final paper Tuesday, August 25, 2009 8
2. Paper reviews • Generally two papers per lecture • Before class, you read them and email me comments (Subject: “CS598 Paper Review”) • For each paper, one-paragraph review, including at least 2 criticisms Tuesday, August 25, 2009 9
2. Paper reviews Examples of acceptable comments • This piece of the system could have been designed better by doing __, because __. • The system won’t work as claimed because... • A drawback/benefit not described in the paper is ___. Examples of unacceptable comments • Repeating statements in paper abstract • Spelling mistakes • Personal remarks Tuesday, August 25, 2009 10
3. Paper presentation • 20-25 minute presentation including key concepts / techniques / results and your criticism • 10-15 minutes of discussion during/after • At least 2 days before it happens, meet with me to show me your presentation Tuesday, August 25, 2009 11
4. Class participation • Comment, question, interact! Tuesday, August 25, 2009 12
Today Course Overview Internet History What’s Next Tuesday, August 25, 2009 13
Visions • Vannevar Bush, “As we may think” (1945): memex • J. C. R. Licklider (1962): “Galactic Network” • Concept of a global network of computers connecting people with data and programs Bush • First head of DARPA computer research, October 1962 Licklider Tuesday, August 25, 2009 14
Circuit switching 1920s 1967 Tuesday, August 25, 2009 15
1961-64: Packet switching Datagram packet Circuit Switching switching Physical channel carrying stream of Message broken into short packets, data from source to destination each handled separately Three phase: setup, data transfer, One operation: send packet tear-down Packets stored (queued) in each Data transfer involves no routing router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor Tuesday, August 25, 2009 16
1961-64: Packet switching • Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis (1961-63) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing Circuit switching Packet switching Kleinrock Time Time • Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND), Donald Davies (National Physical Labratories, UK) Baran Tuesday, August 25, 2009 17
1965: First computer network • Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA • ARPA-funded project • Connected with telephone line – it works, but it’s inefficient and expensive – confirming motivation for packet switching Roberts Tuesday, August 25, 2009 18
The ARPANET begins • Roberts joins DARPA (1966), publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967) • December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor • September 1969: BBN delivers first IMP to Kleinrock’s lab at UCLA An older Kleinrock with the first IMP Tuesday, August 25, 2009 19
ARPANET comes alive Stanford Research Institute (SRI) “LO” Oct 29, 1969 UCLA Tuesday, August 25, 2009 20
ARPANET grows • Dec 1970: ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP) • 1971: Telnet, FTP • 1972: Email (Ray Tomlinson, BBN) • 1979: USENET ARPANET, April 1971 Tuesday, August 25, 2009 21
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ARPANET to Internet • Meanwhile, other networks such as PRnet, SATNET deveoped • May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn present first paper on interconnecting networks • Concept of connecting diverse Cerf networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing, ... • Became TCP/IP Kahn Tuesday, August 25, 2009 23
TCP/IP deployment • TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by Application groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL Presentation • David Clark implements it on Xerox Session Alto and IBM PC Transport • 1982: International Organization for Network Standards (ISO) releases Open Systems Data Link Interconnection (OSI) reference model Physical • January 1, 1983: “Flag Day” NCP to OSI Reference TCP/IP transition on ARPANET Model’s layers Tuesday, August 25, 2009 24
Growth brings change Mockapetris • Early 1980s: Many new networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA), ... • Nov 1983: DNS developed by Postel Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN) • 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP and IGP (later to become eBGP and iBGP) Partridge Tuesday, August 25, 2009 25
Growth from Ethernet • Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and D. Boggs, July 1976 • Spanning Tree protocol: Radia Perlman, 1985 • Made local area networking Metcalfe easy Perlman Tuesday, August 25, 2009 26
NSFNET • 1984: NSFNET for US higher education • Serve many users, not just one field • Encourage development of private infrastructure (e.g., initially, NSFNET backbone, 1992 backbone required to be used for Research and Education) • Stimulated investment in commercial long-haul networks • 1990: ARPANET ends • 1995: NSFNET decommissioned Tuesday, August 25, 2009 27
The “hourglass” model P2P Email Web ... HTTP FTP VoIP Innovation! TCP UDP ... Simple, flexible standard IP “language of the internet” Innovation! Ethernet NTP ... Copper Fiber Radio ... Tuesday, August 25, 2009 28
Explosive growth! In hosts Tuesday, August 25, 2009 29
Explosive growth! In networks (Colors correspond Internet forwarding table size to measurements from different vantage points) Year [Huston ’09] Tuesday, August 25, 2009 30
Explosive growth! In complexity BGP router Autonomous System IP router Routing protocols LAN LAN eBGP, iBGP switch ... MPLS, CSPF, ethernet segment OSPF, RIP, ... hub spanning tree + learning broadcast Tuesday, August 25, 2009 31
Explosive growth! In devices & technologies In applications Link speeds 200,000x faster Morris Internet Worm (1988) NATs and firewalls World wide web (1989) Wireless everywhere MOSAIC browser (1992) Mobile everywhere Search engines Tiny devices (smart phones) Peer-to-peer Giant devices (data centers) Voice ... Radio Botnets Social networking Streaming video The results of your class projects! Tuesday, August 25, 2009 32
Huge societal relevance Routing instabilities and outages in Iranian prefixes following 2009 presidential election Affected prefixes Friday Saturday Sunday June 12 June 13 June 14 [Source: Renesys] Tuesday, August 25, 2009 33
Today Course Overview Internet History What’s Next Tuesday, August 25, 2009 34
Upcoming lectures • Thursday Aug. 27: Discussion of challenges for the Internet, project, project topic suggestions • Tuesday Sept. 1: • Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, “A protocol for packet network intercommunication”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 22 No. 5, May 1974. • David Clark, “The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols”, Proc. SIGCOMM 1988. • Thu Sept. 3: You begin presenting! • Full reading list available next week Tuesday, August 25, 2009 35
And finally... If you are taking this course, please email me your • Name • Email address • Educational situation (Masters / PhD, research area, one or two sentences about your background in networking) Tuesday, August 25, 2009 36
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