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CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT Vienna january 27th 2011 Environmental impact assessment Transfer to plants MODEL(S) and animals Release Concentration in foodstuffs

  1. CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT Vienna january 27th 2011

  2. Environmental impact assessment Transfer to plants MODEL(S) and animals Release Concentration in foodstuffs Dispersion and/or MODEL(S) dilution processes Dose estimation MODEL(S) Concentrations in water, air and surfaces Dose

  3. Safety Report Series No 19 Generic methods for use in assessing the impact of discharges

  4. Screening approach - Iterative approach • Step by step process - model complexity increases as predicted doses increase • 1st step = ‘no dilution model’ • 2nd step = ‘generic environmental model • 3rd step = ‘modified generic assessment’ • 4th step = ‘site specific assessment’

  6. CROM v. 6 FREE DETERMINISTIC CROM v. 7 PROBABILISTIC

  7. CROM DEVELOPMENT • Deterministic CROM is being maintained, focusing mainly on the English version • Probabilistic CROM under development (launch in 2011?) • Free CROM � community developed

  8. CROM DEVELOPED BY Center for Research of Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT): UPRPYMA Polytechnic University of Madrid: LAB. INFORMATICS ETSII

  9. CROM Models based in IAEA SRS-19 with “improvements” based in RP-72 (EUR-15760). 2001 IAEA - SRS 19 - "Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges o f Radioactive Substances to the Environment". 1995 UE - RP 72 – “Methodology for assessing the radiological consequences of routine releases of radionuclides to the environment”.

  10. CROM 6 QUALITY CONTROL The software was quality controled by CIEMAT and RPD-HPA, formerly NRPB, (document RPD- EA-11-2005) for its adoption by the IAEA as the reference code for those models. Other people acting as testers of CROM in different situations (EMRAS II) TRANSFERED TO THE IAEA IN 2008 FOR ITS FREE DISTRIBUTION

  11. CROM Conceptual model

  12. CROM Conceptual model Inhalación Inhalación Dosis Int. Dosis Int. Inhalación Inhalación Depósito Depósito Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Dosis Ext. Atmósfera Atmósfera Suelo Suelo seco y seco y Inm. Nube Inm. Nube húmedo húmedo Efluente Gaseoso Efluente Gaseoso Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Dosis Ext. No Diluci ón No Diluci ón Dep. Suelo Dep. Suelo Ingestión Ingestión Cultivos Cultivos Absorción Radicular Absorción Radicular humanos humanos F. conc F. conc Depósito seco y húmedo Depósito seco y húmedo Cultivos Cultivos Dosis total al Dosis total al Productos Productos Ing. Ing. Animales Animales Instalación Instalación Dosis Int. Dosis Int. individuo individuo Animales Animales Ingestión Ingestión crítico crítico Riego Riego Efluente Líquido Efluente Líquido No Diluci ón No Diluci ón Alimentos Alimentos Bioacumulación Bioacumulación Ingestión Ingestión Acuáticos Acuáticos Ingesti ón Ingesti ón Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Dosis Ext. Sed. Orilla Sed. Orilla Sediment Sediment Medio Medio Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Agua Agua Sedimentos Sedimentos Dosis Ext Dosis Ext Acuático Acuático Inm. Baño Inm. Baño No sedimentación No sedimentación Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Dosis Ext. Sed. Fondo Sed. Fondo Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Dosis Ext. Dosis Ext. Sed. Susp. Sed. Susp.

  13. CROM Models implemented Atmosphere discharges Building affected models Roughness affected wind profiles Aquatic discharges River / Sewers Small lakes Sea / Great lakes Estuaries Sedimentation Transfer to biota H3 & C14

  14. CROM Features of CROM code: Continuous (routine/controlled) releases Default Pasquill stability category D Groundwater not considered Effective height not calculated Irrigation considered Sedimentation in surface waters Bath considered Crustacean considered A lot of not default values can be used

  15. CROM Features of CROM code: Effective dose and concentration calc. 8 SRS 19 examples in the default DB Growth of daughter considered (transport and deposition) Today 151 radioisotopes in the default DB New radionuclides easily implementable External DCFs based in FGR 12 Internal DCFs from IAEA’s BSS

  16. CROM Problems that can be solved

  17. CROM Problems that can be solved

  18. CROM Problems that can be solved

  19. CROM Problems that can be solved

  20. CROM Problems that can be solved

  21. CROM EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS • IMMERSION IN THE GASEOUS PLUME • DEPOSITION IN THE SOIL • SUBMERSION IN WATER DURING THE BATH • SHORE SEDIMENTS

  22. CROM INTERNAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS • INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER • INGESTION OF VEGETABLES CONTAMINATED BY ATMOSPHERE DEPOSIT OR IRRIGATION • INGESTION OF ANIMAL MEAT CONTAMINATED BY CONTAMINATED WATER OR VEGETABLES • INGESTION OF FRESHWATER FISHES AND CRUSTACEAN • INGESTION OF MARINE FISHES AND CRUSTACEAN • INHALATION

  23. DOSE CONVERSION CROM FACTORS • EXTERNAL: • Based in Federal Guidance Report No 12. Considers the growth of the daughters using Bateman equations • INTERNAL: • Based in BSS (IAEA No 115). Committed effective dose up to 70 y. • 6 age groups as defined in BSS. • Different absortion cathegories (F,M,S) considered.

  24. CROM Results • SCREEN • WORD BASED REPORT • EXCEL BASED DATA

  25. CROM What CROM can do The models implemented in Crom were designed for assessing doses due to releases from nuclear or radioactive installations provided that: • ~ 30 YEARS EMMISSIONS. • CONTINUOUS EMMISSIONS (In any single day is not emitted more than 1% of the annual release) • NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS (Pasquill D difussion category)

  26. CROM What CROM can do (with help) Using some additional calculations Crom can be used for: • ANY NUMBER OF YEARS EMMISSIONS. • ANY ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS (Any Pasquill difussion category) • Effective height considerations • Resuspension of deposited material • Other radioisotopes can be used calculating the DCFs and introducing them into the DB. • H3 & C14 • Sewers

  27. CROM What CROM can’t do The models implemented in Crom are not valid for assessing doses in: • SHORT TIME EMMISSIONS (accidents) • VERY LONG TIME EMMISSIONS (HLW repository) • GROUNDWATER DISPERSION

  28. CROM - Installation

  29. CROM - Installation

  30. CROM - Installation

  31. CROM - Installation

  32. CROM - Installation

  33. CROM - Installation

  34. CROM - Installation

  35. CROM - Use

  36. CROM - Use

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  56. CROM - Use 5 receptor point More than 20 radionuclides in the source term

  57. CROM - Use

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  93. CROM - Examples 60 m 20 m 1 km

  94. CROM - Examples 5 m 20 m 1 km

  95. CROM - Examples 33 m 30 m 150 m 1 km

  96. CROM - Examples Atm4 Riv6 A Riv5 Atm3 9000m Riv4 Atm2 500m 500m

  97. CROM - Examples Atm4 Riv6 A Riv5 Atm3 9000m Riv4 Atm2 500m 500m

  98. CROM - Examples

  99. CROM - Examples 2000 m 50 m D = 30 m

  100. CROM - Examples

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