CPR Safer for All? CABLE SEMINAR – ABTT 2017
W hat is the Construction Product Regulation? Mandatory labelling of all cable products that are permanently installed a civil works. No cable can move on the market without approval to the CPR. All imports cannot cross into Europe without the CE CPR marking Owners of a Brand, automatically become the “Manufacturer” who shall comply with all parts of the Regulation: nothing can be left to a 3 rd party BS6701, advisory document for communication cable to the IEE Regulations Code of Practice, clearly states how the new Euroclasses shall be considered. What are the Euroclasses and why are they necessary? CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 2
History 1 9 9 7 -2 0 1 6 • European Community writes a Directive for “Construction Products” • Construction Product’s Directive accepted “cables” as being part of the building • New CPD test Rig designed to test “long thin things”: an improvement on the 60332-3 rig • New Requirements, Total Heat, Heat Release Rate (HR), and additionally, Smoke and Acid (for the first time) • 2013 – made into a Regulation… Nations shall apply! CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 3
Difficult realities… w here did Low Sm oke m aterial com e from ? • London Kings Cross Underground Metro station fire 1987 • Main issues were escape routes and smoke • Smoke tests 3m³ (same size as a tunnel) with 60% limit • London Borough of Westminster requests only LS cables installed • HF – LS material developed CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 4
Cable supply under the CPR Which essential characteristics of cables are under the CPR? • Reaction to fire and (Resistance to fire: not ready yet!) These support the basic requirements for construction works: • Safety in case of fire • Hygiene, health and the environment CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 5
Cable supply under the CPR Which essential characteristics of cables are under the CPR? • Reaction to fire, broken down into: –Heat Release (especially “total”) –Rate of Heat release (important, especially for Fire Fighters) –Flame spread –Smoke (now known as being the main killer) –Why is this an improvement? CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 6
7 Previous Regulations I EE Regs? I EE W iring Regs ( BS7 6 7 1 ) Every indoor cable should (shall?) meet as a minimum 60332-1-2! However in areas where there is a greater risk: EN 60332-3 Series… (old ladder test with 20Kw flame, only testing for flame spread, which is not necessarily the major contributing factor to the fire!) The actual section of the standard is not made clear… CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 7
8 6 0 3 3 2 -3 -* * W eaknesses! 60332-3 series has “Flame Spread” as a criteria… only! 60332-3 “series” designed for different cable of outside diameter’s Loading the ladder dependent on OD. Biggest load was 7litres (designed for very large energy cables): to whom some believed was the toughest test! However a small data cable loaded onto the 7litre ladder, even though it fails 60332-1, passes 60332-3! CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 8
CE m arking cable reaction to fire perform ance Classification, test m ethods and AVCP system s Euroclass Classification Additional AVCP (ca) criteria criteria system EN ISO 1716 1+ A Gross heat of combustion - initial type-testing and factory inspection and continuous surveillance of factory production B1 Smoke production control (FPC) with audit testing of (s1a, s1b, s2, s3) samples by 3rd party product EN50399/EN61034-2 EN 50399 B2 certification body Heat release Acidity Flame spread (a1, a2, a3) C EN 50267-2-3 EN 60332-1-2 Flame propagation Flaming droplets (d0, d1, d2) D 3 EN 50399 - initial type-testing by 3rd party notified testing laboratory EN 60332-1-2 E -FPC by manufacturer Flame propagation 4 F - initial type-testing and FPC by manufacturer CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 9
I n depth investigations • Other large scale fires studied in depth • Studies into fire/ flame safety now very complex • Acid – halogens – toxicity – (all effluents) an issue • Criteria for the assessment of each building / area • Density of people at any one time CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 10
A good exam ple Class Cca only closest allow able replacem ent to 6 0 3 3 2 -3 ! CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 11
History, a rem inder! Fire Spread in Building due to Cabling CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 12
A Statem ent from the European Cable Association ECBL LOW FI RE-HAZARD CABLES – Saving lives, reducing injuries and preventing dam age Low fire-hazard cables installed in buildings improve fire safety: at home, at the workplace and in public places like hospitals, theatres, airports or train stations. In 1950 the average time from ignition of a fire to flashover was 15 minutes. Today, fatal conditions can occur after as little as 3 minutes. The most commonly identified cause of death from a fire incident is being overcome by gas or smoke which accounts for 44% of all deaths. Given these facts, the only possible conclusions are: • that the reduction of smoke and effluent gases is relevant to saving human lives and facilitating the work of rescue teams; • that the increased use of plastics in the last 50 years has had a dramatic effect on escape times CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 13
Cable supply under the CPR W hat are the “safety in case of fire” requirem ents relevant to cables? Construction works must be designed and built in such a way that in the event of an outbreak of fire: • the generation and spread of fire and smoke within the construction works are limited • the spread of fire to neighboring construction works is limited • occupants can leave the construction works or be rescued by other means • the safety of rescue teams is taken into consideration CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 14
Safety Lim its im proved? • Heat release… • Sm oke • Flam e Spread… W hich is m ost im portant? SMOKE! SMOKE! CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 15
CE m arking – no borders… CE marking – no internal national limits allowed! • CPR does not in itself impose requirements on the level of performance of products. • Setting safety levels remains a national responsibility: • CPR introduces obligatory Declaration of Performance and CE marking of cables for construction works with their fire performance CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 16
CE m arking cable reaction to fire perform ance The Product standard – hEN 50575 Scope • Electric cables used for supply of electricity and for control and communication purposes, which are intended for use in construction works and subject to performance requirements on reaction to fire • Electric cables includes power, control and communication cables, including optical fibre cables • Note that there is no voltage restriction CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 17
CE m arking cable reaction to fire perform ance Classification, test m ethods and AVCP system s Euroclass Classification Additional AVCP (ca) criteria criteria system EN ISO 1716 1+ A Gross heat of combustion - initial type-testing and factory inspection and continuous surveillance of factory production B1 Smoke production control (FPC) with audit testing of (s1a, s1b, s2, s3) samples by 3rd party product EN50399/EN61034-2 EN 50399 B2 certification body Heat release Acidity Flame spread (a1, a2, a3) C EN 50267-2-3 EN 60332-1-2 Flame propagation Flaming droplets (d0, d1, d2) D 3 EN 50399 - initial type-testing by 3rd party notified testing laboratory EN 60332-1-2 E -FPC by manufacturer Flame propagation 4 F - initial type-testing and FPC by manufacturer CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 18
CE m arking cable reaction to fire perform ance Classification, test m ethods and AVCP system s Euroclass Classification Additional AVCP (ca) criteria criteria system 1+ - initial type-testing and factory inspection and continuous surveillance of factory B1 Smoke production production control (FPC) with (s1a, s1b, s2, s3) audit testing of samples by 3rd EN50399/EN61034-2 EN 50399 B2 party product certification body Heat release Acidity Flame spread (a1, a2, a3) C EN 50267-2-3 EN 60332-1-2 Flame propagation Flaming droplets (d0, d1, d2) D 3 EN 50399 - initial type-testing by 3rd party notified testing laboratory EN 60332-1-2 E -FPC by manufacturer Flame propagation 4 F - initial type-testing and FPC by manufacturer CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 19
CE m arking cable reaction to fire perform ance Classification, test m ethods and AVCP system s Euroclass Classification Additional AVCP (ca) criteria criteria system 1+ - initial type-testing and factory inspection and continuous surveillance of B1 Smoke production factory production control (s1a, s1b, s2, s3) EN50399/EN61034-2 (FPC) with audit testing of EN 50399 B2 Heat release samples by 3rd party Acidity Flame spread product certification body (a1, a2, a3) C EN 50267-2-3 EN 60332-1-2 Flame propagation Flaming droplets (d0, d1, d2) D 3 EN 50399 - initial type-testing by 3rd party notified testing laboratory EN 60332-1-2 E -FPC by manufacturer Flame propagation 4 F - initial type-testing and FPC by manufacturer CPR Canford | Prysmian Group | 2017 20
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